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Background <p>Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent neurological consequence in aged patients, with neuroinflammation and ferroptosis implicated in its pathogenesis. This study investigates whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) alleviates POCD by modulating the JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis.</p> Method <p>Aged Sprague–Dawley rats received excision of the right common carotid artery to establish POCD. DEX (12&#xa0;μg/kg) was administered preoperatively. Cognitive performance was evaluated through behavioral paradigms including spatial navigation tasks (Morris water maze) and recognition memory assessments (novel object test). Hippocampal ferroptosis markers (Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺, MDA, SOD, GSH) and protein levels (SLC7A11, GPX4, Iba1) were measured. BV-2 microglial cells were subjected to LPS treatment in vitro to induce neuroinflammation. RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase assays were performed to validate JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH interactions. Rescue assays were used to verify the role of JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis on ferroptosis of BV-2 cells.</p> Result <p>DEX ameliorated cognitive deficits and suppressed hippocampal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, JPX recruits HIF-1α to transcriptionally activate DHODH expression, while DEX upregulated JPX to facilitate HIF-1α-mediated DHODH transcription. In BV-2 cells, DEX attenuated LPS-induced ferroptosis, whereas JPX silencing abolished its effects. DHODH overexpression counteracted siJPX’s exacerbation of ferroptosis.</p> Conclusion <p>DEX alleviates POCD by inhibiting microglial ferroptosis via the JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis, providing a novel therapeutic target for POCD intervention.</p>

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Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglia ferroptosis to relieve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats through JPX/HIF-1/DHODH pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Yunfei Wang,
  • Feng Ouyang,
  • Run Feng,
  • Zhe Ding,
  • Jiafang Wang

摘要

Background

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent neurological consequence in aged patients, with neuroinflammation and ferroptosis implicated in its pathogenesis. This study investigates whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) alleviates POCD by modulating the JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis.

Method

Aged Sprague–Dawley rats received excision of the right common carotid artery to establish POCD. DEX (12 μg/kg) was administered preoperatively. Cognitive performance was evaluated through behavioral paradigms including spatial navigation tasks (Morris water maze) and recognition memory assessments (novel object test). Hippocampal ferroptosis markers (Fe2⁺, MDA, SOD, GSH) and protein levels (SLC7A11, GPX4, Iba1) were measured. BV-2 microglial cells were subjected to LPS treatment in vitro to induce neuroinflammation. RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase assays were performed to validate JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH interactions. Rescue assays were used to verify the role of JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis on ferroptosis of BV-2 cells.

Result

DEX ameliorated cognitive deficits and suppressed hippocampal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, JPX recruits HIF-1α to transcriptionally activate DHODH expression, while DEX upregulated JPX to facilitate HIF-1α-mediated DHODH transcription. In BV-2 cells, DEX attenuated LPS-induced ferroptosis, whereas JPX silencing abolished its effects. DHODH overexpression counteracted siJPX’s exacerbation of ferroptosis.

Conclusion

DEX alleviates POCD by inhibiting microglial ferroptosis via the JPX/HIF-1α/DHODH axis, providing a novel therapeutic target for POCD intervention.