<p>Aiming in precision sports requires sustained cognitive engagement and fine neural coordination. This study examined changes in power spectral density (PSD) and peak alpha frequency (PAF) before, during, and after shooting in 20 archers. PSD was analyzed across theta, alpha, beta1, and beta2 frequency bands. During the shooting phase, PSD significantly increased in frontal and temporal regions, while decreasing in central and occipital areas. Notably, theta and beta1 activity in the frontal region (F3), and beta1–beta2 in the temporal region (T7–T8), increased up to the shooting phase and declined immediately prior to execution. In the central region (C3–C4), theta (C4) and alpha PSD decreased before and increased during shooting phase. In the occipital region (O1–O2), alpha PSD decreased pre-shot and increased during shooting phase, whereas beta2 followed an inverse pattern. Additionally, PAF values in temporal and occipital electrodes were significantly reduced in the post-shot resting state. These findings suggest that archery aiming stages are associated with enhanced cognitive control and focused attention, as reflected by neural oscillatory modulations. Additionally, the current study provides a new perspective on PAF values related to precision sports, emphasizing that PAF modulation based on mental and physical fatigue may yield different responses depending on the type of exercise.</p>