<p>We consider rigorous consequences of modular invariance for two-dimensional unitary non-rational CFTs with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c &gt; 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Simple estimates for the torus partition function can lead to remarkably strong results. We show in particular that the spectral density of spin-<i>J</i> operators must grow like <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\exp \left( \pi \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}(c-1) J} \right) /\sqrt{2J}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>exp</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>π</mi> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>J</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfenced> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>J</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in any twist interval at or above <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((c-1)/12\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with a known twist-dependent prefactor. This proves that the large <i>J</i> spectrum becomes dense even without averaging over spins. For twists below <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((c-1)/12\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we establish that the growth must be strictly slower. Finally, we estimate how fast the maximal gap between two spin-<i>J</i> operators must go to zero as <i>J</i> becomes large.</p>

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Universality of the Microcanonical Entropy at Large Spin

  • Sridip Pal,
  • Jiaxin Qiao,
  • Balt C. van Rees

摘要

We consider rigorous consequences of modular invariance for two-dimensional unitary non-rational CFTs with \(c > 1\) c > 1 . Simple estimates for the torus partition function can lead to remarkably strong results. We show in particular that the spectral density of spin-J operators must grow like \(\exp \left( \pi \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}(c-1) J} \right) /\sqrt{2J}\) exp π 2 3 ( c - 1 ) J / 2 J in any twist interval at or above \((c-1)/12\) ( c - 1 ) / 12 , with a known twist-dependent prefactor. This proves that the large J spectrum becomes dense even without averaging over spins. For twists below \((c-1)/12\) ( c - 1 ) / 12 we establish that the growth must be strictly slower. Finally, we estimate how fast the maximal gap between two spin-J operators must go to zero as J becomes large.