We develop a general framework for studying non-uniqueness of the Riemann problem for the isentropic compressible Euler system in two spatial dimensions, and in this paper we present the most delicate result of our method: non-uniqueness of the contact discontinuity. Our approach is computational, and uses the pressure law as an additional degree of freedom. The stability of the contact discontinuities for this system is a major open problem (see Chen and Wang, in: Nonlinear partial differential equations, Abel Symposia, vol 7, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012). We find a smooth pressure law p, verifying the physically relevant condition <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5278_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$p'>0$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>></mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, such that for the isentropic compressible Euler system with this pressure law, contact discontinuity initial data is wildly non-unique in the class of bounded, admissible weak solutions. This result resolves the question of uniqueness for contact discontinuity solutions in the compressible regime. Moreover, in the same regularity class in which we have non-uniqueness of the contact discontinuity, i.e. <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5278_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$L^\infty $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with no BV regularity or self-similarity, we show that the classical contact discontinuity solution to the two-dimensional isentropic compressible Euler system is in fact unique in the class of bounded, admissible weak solutions if we restrict to 1-D solutions.

Contact Discontinuities for 2-D Isentropic Euler are Unique in 1-D but Wildly Non-unique Otherwise

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发表日期：

2025年4月10日

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Sam G. Krupa,
László Székelyhidi Jr.

摘要

We develop a general framework for studying non-uniqueness of the Riemann problem for the isentropic compressible Euler system in two spatial dimensions, and in this paper we present the most delicate result of our method: non-uniqueness of the contact discontinuity. Our approach is computational, and uses the pressure law as an additional degree of freedom. The stability of the contact discontinuities for this system is a major open problem (see Chen and Wang, in: Nonlinear partial differential equations, Abel Symposia, vol 7, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012). We find a smooth pressure law p, verifying the physically relevant condition $p'>0$ $p^{'} > 0$ , such that for the isentropic compressible Euler system with this pressure law, contact discontinuity initial data is wildly non-unique in the class of bounded, admissible weak solutions. This result resolves the question of uniqueness for contact discontinuity solutions in the compressible regime. Moreover, in the same regularity class in which we have non-uniqueness of the contact discontinuity, i.e. $L^\infty $ $L^{\infty}$ , with no BV regularity or self-similarity, we show that the classical contact discontinuity solution to the two-dimensional isentropic compressible Euler system is in fact unique in the class of bounded, admissible weak solutions if we restrict to 1-D solutions.