<p>We find modular transformations of normalized characters for the following <i>W</i>-algebras: (a) <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="326" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W_k^{min}(\mathfrak {g}), \text {where } \mathfrak {g}=D_n (n\ge 4), \text {or } E_6, E_7, E_8,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>W</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">min</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>where</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">g</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>or</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mn>6</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mn>7</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mn>8</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>k</i> is a negative integer <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ge -2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, or <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ge -\frac{h^\vee }{6}-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mo>∨</mo> </msup> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively; (b) quantum Hamiltonian reduction of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hat{\mathfrak {g}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-module <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L(k \Lambda _0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {g}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">g</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a simple Lie algebra, <i>f</i> is its non-zero nilpotent element, and <i>k</i> is a principal admissible level with the denominator <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u&gt;\theta (x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where 2<i>x</i> is the Dynkin characteristic of <i>f</i>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the highest root of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {g}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">g</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove that these vertex algebras are modular invariant. A conformal vertex algebra <i>V</i> is called modular invariant if its character <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5223_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(tr_V q^{L_0-c/24}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>V</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>24</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> converges to a holomorphic modular function in the complex upper half-plane on a congruence subgroup. We find explicit formulas for their characters. Modular invariance of <i>V</i> is important since, in particular, conjecturally it implies that <i>V</i> is simple, and that <i>V</i> is rational, provided that it is lisse.</p>

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On Modular Invariance of Quantum Affine W-Algebras

  • Victor G. Kac,
  • Minoru Wakimoto

摘要

We find modular transformations of normalized characters for the following W-algebras: (a) \(W_k^{min}(\mathfrak {g}), \text {where } \mathfrak {g}=D_n (n\ge 4), \text {or } E_6, E_7, E_8,\) W k min ( g ) , where g = D n ( n 4 ) , or E 6 , E 7 , E 8 , and k is a negative integer \(\ge -2\) - 2 , or \(\ge -\frac{h^\vee }{6}-1\) - h 6 - 1 , respectively; (b) quantum Hamiltonian reduction of the \(\hat{\mathfrak {g}}\) g ^ -module \(L(k \Lambda _0)\) L ( k Λ 0 ) , where \(\mathfrak {g}\) g is a simple Lie algebra, f is its non-zero nilpotent element, and k is a principal admissible level with the denominator \(u>\theta (x)\) u > θ ( x ) , where 2x is the Dynkin characteristic of f, and \(\theta \) θ is the highest root of \(\mathfrak {g}\) g . We prove that these vertex algebras are modular invariant. A conformal vertex algebra V is called modular invariant if its character \(tr_V q^{L_0-c/24}\) t r V q L 0 - c / 24 converges to a holomorphic modular function in the complex upper half-plane on a congruence subgroup. We find explicit formulas for their characters. Modular invariance of V is important since, in particular, conjecturally it implies that V is simple, and that V is rational, provided that it is lisse.