Diagonalizing Bose Gases in the Gross–Pitaevskii Regime and Beyond

We present a novel approach to the Bogoliubov theory of dilute Bose gases, allowing for an elementary derivation of the celebrated Lee–Huang–Yang formula in the Gross–Pitaevskii regime. Furthermore, we identify the low lying excitation spectrum beyond the Gross–Pitaevskii scaling, extending a recent result (Brennecke et al. in Rev Math Phys 34, 2022) to significantly more singular scaling regimes. Finally, we provide an upper bound on the ground state energy in the Gross–Pitaevskii regime that captures the correct expected order of magnitude beyond the Lee–Huang–Yang formula.