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Homotopy Classification of Loops of Clifford Unitaries

  • Roman Geiko,
  • Yichen Hu

摘要

Clifford quantum circuits are elementary invertible transformations of quantum systems that map Pauli operators to Pauli operators. We study periodic one-parameter families of Clifford circuits, called loops of Clifford circuits, acting on \({\textsf{d}}\) d -dimensional lattices of prime p-dimensional qudits. We propose to use the notion of algebraic homotopy to identify topologically equivalent loops. We calculate homotopy classes of such loops for any odd p and \({\textsf{d}}=0,1,2,3\) d = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4. Our main tool is the Hermitian K-theory, particularly a generalization of the Maslov index from symplectic geometry. We observe that the homotopy classes of loops of Clifford circuits in \(({\textsf{d}}+1)\) ( d + 1 ) -dimensions coincide with the quotient of the group of Clifford Quantum Cellular Automata modulo shallow circuits and lattice translations in \({\textsf{d}}\) d -dimensions.