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<p>The black soldier fly larvae (<i>Hermetia Illucens L.</i>) have gained increasing attention as a sustainable protein alternative source due to their high nutritional value and low environmental footprint. Despite growing interest, data rigorously assessing the combined <i>in-vivo</i> protein quality and acute toxicity of BSFL protein for human consumption remain scarce. This study evaluated the nutritional composition, including amino acid profile, <i>in-vivo</i> protein digestibility and acute toxicology of defatted BSFL protein. Amino acid analysis showed a comparable profile with conventional protein sources, with isoleucine identified as the first-limiting amino acid (AAS = 0.83) based on the reference pattern for preschool children (0.5–3&#xa0;years). <i>In-vivo</i> digestibility assessment using a rat model showed a true ileal digestibility of 96.18% and a DIAAS value of 79%, confirming its nutritional quality is highly competitive with many conventional plant-based protein alternatives. Acute toxicological analysis revealed no observable adverse effect, mortality, or significant systemic biochemical or haematological abnormalities in BSFL-fed rats. Overall, BSFL demonstrates promising potential as a safe, digestible and nutritionally viable alternative protein source for human consumption, supporting its inclusion in sustainable food systems.</p>

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In-vivo protein digestibility and acute toxicology assessment of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia Illucens L.) as an alternative dietary protein source

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Hui Ting Peng,
  • Xin Yun Chia,
  • Lye Yee Chew,
  • Siau Hui Mah,
  • Yin Sim Tor,
  • Yun Ping Neo

摘要

The black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia Illucens L.) have gained increasing attention as a sustainable protein alternative source due to their high nutritional value and low environmental footprint. Despite growing interest, data rigorously assessing the combined in-vivo protein quality and acute toxicity of BSFL protein for human consumption remain scarce. This study evaluated the nutritional composition, including amino acid profile, in-vivo protein digestibility and acute toxicology of defatted BSFL protein. Amino acid analysis showed a comparable profile with conventional protein sources, with isoleucine identified as the first-limiting amino acid (AAS = 0.83) based on the reference pattern for preschool children (0.5–3 years). In-vivo digestibility assessment using a rat model showed a true ileal digestibility of 96.18% and a DIAAS value of 79%, confirming its nutritional quality is highly competitive with many conventional plant-based protein alternatives. Acute toxicological analysis revealed no observable adverse effect, mortality, or significant systemic biochemical or haematological abnormalities in BSFL-fed rats. Overall, BSFL demonstrates promising potential as a safe, digestible and nutritionally viable alternative protein source for human consumption, supporting its inclusion in sustainable food systems.