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<p>Starch from underutilized fruit seed waste represents a promising renewable resource for developing sustainable biopolymers. This study reports the systematic extraction, physicochemical characterization, and nanoscale modification of starch recovered from <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (Jamun) seed waste. Six steeping agents, i.e., citric, lactic, ascorbic, and acetic acids, sodium hydroxide, and distilled water, were evaluated to determine their influence on starch yield and purity. Citric acid produced the highest recovery (39.65%), while ascorbic and lactic acids enhanced starch clarity and hydration properties. The extracted starch exhibited oval granules (2.8–32&#xa0;μm) with high water (160%) and oil (124%) absorption capacities and moderate pasting stability (peak viscosity = 303.9 mPa·s at 82&#xa0;°C). To overcome the limited solubility and crystallinity of native starch, nanoreduction was achieved using acid hydrolysis, ultrasonication, and their sequential combination. The combined treatment generated uniform, highly porous nanoparticles (~ 90–150&#xa0;nm) due to synergistic chemical–physical disruption of amorphous regions. This represents the first integrated acid–ultrasound nanoreduction approach applied to <i>S. cumini</i> starch. The resulting nanostarch demonstrated structural reorganization confirmed by FTIR and SEM, indicating improved amorphous character and surface reactivity. These findings highlight <i>S. cumini</i> seed starch as a viable, low-cost candidate for future sustainable materials. Further studies on film formation, bioactivity, and scalability are recommended to validate its industrial potential.</p>

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Extraction, characterization, and dual-mode nanoreduction of starch from Syzygium cumini seed waste for sustainable material development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Kanu Garg,
  • Ovais Shafiq Qadri,
  • Kaiser Younis,
  • Gaurav Srivastava,
  • Samandeep Kaur

摘要

Starch from underutilized fruit seed waste represents a promising renewable resource for developing sustainable biopolymers. This study reports the systematic extraction, physicochemical characterization, and nanoscale modification of starch recovered from Syzygium cumini (Jamun) seed waste. Six steeping agents, i.e., citric, lactic, ascorbic, and acetic acids, sodium hydroxide, and distilled water, were evaluated to determine their influence on starch yield and purity. Citric acid produced the highest recovery (39.65%), while ascorbic and lactic acids enhanced starch clarity and hydration properties. The extracted starch exhibited oval granules (2.8–32 μm) with high water (160%) and oil (124%) absorption capacities and moderate pasting stability (peak viscosity = 303.9 mPa·s at 82 °C). To overcome the limited solubility and crystallinity of native starch, nanoreduction was achieved using acid hydrolysis, ultrasonication, and their sequential combination. The combined treatment generated uniform, highly porous nanoparticles (~ 90–150 nm) due to synergistic chemical–physical disruption of amorphous regions. This represents the first integrated acid–ultrasound nanoreduction approach applied to S. cumini starch. The resulting nanostarch demonstrated structural reorganization confirmed by FTIR and SEM, indicating improved amorphous character and surface reactivity. These findings highlight S. cumini seed starch as a viable, low-cost candidate for future sustainable materials. Further studies on film formation, bioactivity, and scalability are recommended to validate its industrial potential.