<p>Effective postharvest management is vital for maintaining fresh produce quality, safety, and shelf life, reducing waste, and ensuring food security. Traditional methods like refrigeration and chemical treatments have limitations, including environmental impact and insufficient shelf life extension. This review explores recent advancements in postharvest management of fruits and vegetables, focusing on nanotechnology, edible coatings, and emerging methods like controlled atmosphere storage, cold plasma, pulsed light, and ultraviolet-C radiation. These technologies are evaluated based on their effectiveness in extending shelf life, reducing microbial contamination, and preserving sensory and nutritional quality. For instance, zinc oxide nanoparticles extend citrus fruit shelf life by inhibiting mold growth, while chitosan edible coatings reduce fungal decay in strawberries. Controlled atmosphere storage preserves avocado quality for up to 60 days, and cold plasma treatment achieves a 99.9% reduction in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> on leafy greens. Further, pulsed light extends berries’ shelf life by 14–21 days without affecting sensory attributes, and ultraviolet-C radiation reduces <i>Botrytis</i> in grapes. Collectively, these technologies have demonstrated significant potential to reduce postharvest losses and maintain the quality of various fresh commodities. These applications have great potential but face limitations in developing countries, such as safety and regulatory concerns, marketability issues, and the need for more research to optimize formulations. Innovative technologies can significantly enhance global food security and reduce postharvest losses. Future research should focus on optimizing smart packaging, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and raising consumer awareness to detect and respond to the state of fresh produce.</p>