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<p>The fruit of <i>Myristica fragrans</i> produces two valuable spices: nutmeg (seed) and mace (aril) which are used worldwide for their distinct flavour and therapeutic properties. Essential oils (EO) and oleoresins were obtained by hydro-distillation and maceration respectively from the rind, mace, seed coat, and seed of <i>M. fragrans</i> fruits and studied the compositional variation using GC and GC-MS. The enantiomeric distribution of compounds in the EO and oleoresins was investigated by enantioselective GC with 2,3-diethyl-6-<i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin capillary column. Distinct chemical profiles across different fruit parts of <i>M. fragrans</i> were observed with sabinene as the major compound in seed and mace EO, terpinen-4-ol in rind EO, and myristic acid in the seed coat EO. Interestingly, myristicin was observed as the major compound in rind and mace oleoresins. This is the first report on the comparative chiral GC analysis of different parts of <i>M. fragrans</i> fruits. Results showed that (+)-enantiomers of α-thujene, sabinene, and β-phellandrene were significantly abundant in all the analysed EO and oleoresins. Physical properties of the EO viz. optical rotation, specific gravity, and refractive index were also reported. This study on compositional variation, enantiomeric distribution and physical properties could be helpful in the authentication of <i>M. fragrans</i> essential oils and to identify the potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.</p>

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Comprehensive analysis of the chemical compositions, chiral profile, and physical properties of Myristica fragrans fruit essential oils and oleoresins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月5日

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  • Manojhkumar Chandrasekaran,
  • Pranav Murali Sharma,
  • Anju Yadav,
  • V. S. Pragadheesh

摘要

The fruit of Myristica fragrans produces two valuable spices: nutmeg (seed) and mace (aril) which are used worldwide for their distinct flavour and therapeutic properties. Essential oils (EO) and oleoresins were obtained by hydro-distillation and maceration respectively from the rind, mace, seed coat, and seed of M. fragrans fruits and studied the compositional variation using GC and GC-MS. The enantiomeric distribution of compounds in the EO and oleoresins was investigated by enantioselective GC with 2,3-diethyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin capillary column. Distinct chemical profiles across different fruit parts of M. fragrans were observed with sabinene as the major compound in seed and mace EO, terpinen-4-ol in rind EO, and myristic acid in the seed coat EO. Interestingly, myristicin was observed as the major compound in rind and mace oleoresins. This is the first report on the comparative chiral GC analysis of different parts of M. fragrans fruits. Results showed that (+)-enantiomers of α-thujene, sabinene, and β-phellandrene were significantly abundant in all the analysed EO and oleoresins. Physical properties of the EO viz. optical rotation, specific gravity, and refractive index were also reported. This study on compositional variation, enantiomeric distribution and physical properties could be helpful in the authentication of M. fragrans essential oils and to identify the potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.