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<p>Hops (<i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.) are a raw material for brewing beer, providing it with unique flavor and bitterness. In the present study, hops cultivated in Taiwan, the United States, and the Czech Republic were studied and extracted via steam distillation. The essential oils obtained were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), direct injection combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the essential oil yield of Hualien hops was 0.31%. A total of 143 and 162 volatile compounds were identified from seven types of hops using HS-SPME and direct injection, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were relatively more abundant in Taiwanese hops, and β-farnesene was identified in both Taiwanese and Cascade hops from the U.S. Additionally, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were identified in both the U.S. and the Czech Republic hops. Principal component analysis, based on their volatile compound profiles, showed that Taiwanese hops were the most similar to Saaz hops from the Czech Republic.</p>

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Analysis of volatile composition in Humulus lupulus L. cultivated in Taiwan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Jui-Chia Lee,
  • Yu-Kai Wang,
  • Kai-Min Yang,
  • Chin-Sheng Wu,
  • Lee-Ping Chu,
  • Hsin-Chun Chen

摘要

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are a raw material for brewing beer, providing it with unique flavor and bitterness. In the present study, hops cultivated in Taiwan, the United States, and the Czech Republic were studied and extracted via steam distillation. The essential oils obtained were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), direct injection combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the essential oil yield of Hualien hops was 0.31%. A total of 143 and 162 volatile compounds were identified from seven types of hops using HS-SPME and direct injection, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were relatively more abundant in Taiwanese hops, and β-farnesene was identified in both Taiwanese and Cascade hops from the U.S. Additionally, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were identified in both the U.S. and the Czech Republic hops. Principal component analysis, based on their volatile compound profiles, showed that Taiwanese hops were the most similar to Saaz hops from the Czech Republic.