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<p>Total phenolic contents (TPC) of 10 simulated extract solutions and 24 rapeseed oil samples were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) method with canolol, sinapic acid, and gallic acid as equivalent chemicals, respectively. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were used for total phenolic extracting. Results revealed that LLE extracting on average 23.71% more total phenols than SPE. For simulated extract solutions 1–7, containing higher proportions of canolol, canolol was a superior equivalent, yielding TPC that were consistently closer to those obtained via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC); while for simulated extract solution 8–10, which contained uniformly distributed phenolic compounds, sinapic acid provided more accurate quantification. Furthermore, for rapeseed oil samples (<i>n</i> = 23) with &gt; 60% canolol, TPCs calculated by canolol using the F–C method were closer to the UHPLC results (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, for the sample with &lt; 40% canolol, TPC calculated by sinapic acid using the F–C method was closer to the UHPLC result (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). This indicates that canolol is the dominant phenolic compound in most rapeseed oil. Therefore, the F–C method can be used as an alternative to UHPLC for TPC quantification, using canolol as the equivalent chemical. In addition, when chemical methods (e.g. F–C method) are used for determination of a class of substance (e.g. TPC), it is necessary to identify the dominant components and using it as an equivalent chemical, which may help to get a more accurate result.</p>

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Canolol as a key equivalent for phenolic content quantification in rapeseed oil via Folin–Ciocalteu method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • Zihui Hu,
  • Wei Xiong,
  • Qiang Liang,
  • Chenzhi Wang,
  • Pu Xuan,
  • Yan Li,
  • Xin Hua,
  • Hongxiang Guo,
  • Yingzheng Yao

摘要

Total phenolic contents (TPC) of 10 simulated extract solutions and 24 rapeseed oil samples were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) method with canolol, sinapic acid, and gallic acid as equivalent chemicals, respectively. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were used for total phenolic extracting. Results revealed that LLE extracting on average 23.71% more total phenols than SPE. For simulated extract solutions 1–7, containing higher proportions of canolol, canolol was a superior equivalent, yielding TPC that were consistently closer to those obtained via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC); while for simulated extract solution 8–10, which contained uniformly distributed phenolic compounds, sinapic acid provided more accurate quantification. Furthermore, for rapeseed oil samples (n = 23) with > 60% canolol, TPCs calculated by canolol using the F–C method were closer to the UHPLC results (p > 0.05). However, for the sample with < 40% canolol, TPC calculated by sinapic acid using the F–C method was closer to the UHPLC result (p > 0.05). This indicates that canolol is the dominant phenolic compound in most rapeseed oil. Therefore, the F–C method can be used as an alternative to UHPLC for TPC quantification, using canolol as the equivalent chemical. In addition, when chemical methods (e.g. F–C method) are used for determination of a class of substance (e.g. TPC), it is necessary to identify the dominant components and using it as an equivalent chemical, which may help to get a more accurate result.