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<p>Mercury ion (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) contamination poses severe threats to ecological systems and human health, necessitating the development of facile and rapid monitoring methodologies. Herein, a fluorescence sensing system integrating ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) nanoparticle (NP)-based test strips with a miniaturized fluorimeter was fabricated for rapid quantitative analysis of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in complicated matrix samples. First, CdTe quantum dot (QD)-coated silica (CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub>) NPs and Hg<sup>2+</sup>-imprinted polymer-functionalized CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub> (Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub>) NPs were synthesized via an ion-imprinting strategy using Hg<sup>2+</sup> as the template ion via ion-imprinting technology. Critical synthetic parameters, including the feed ratios of functional monomer, cross-linker, and catalyst, as well as the loading volume of QDs, were systematically optimized. Characterizations verified that the as-prepared Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs displayed regular spherical morphology, desirable component distribution, and favorable fluorescence performance. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that Hg<sup>2+</sup> effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs via a combination of dynamic quenching and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Benefiting from the good fluorescence properties of specific recognition of the system, the constructed sensing platform achieved high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.1 ng/L, superior anti-interference selectivity, and satisfactory reproducibility and storage stability (relative standard deviation, RSD &lt; 5%). Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) assessment confirmed the eco-friendly feature of the proposed detection strategy. Finally, the developed sensing system was successfully applied for Hg<sup>2+</sup> quantification in real samples, highlighting its promising application prospect for environmental supervision, food safety, and pharmaceutical inspection.</p> Graphic abstract <p>Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO<sub>2</sub> NP-based test strips combined with a miniaturized fluorometer were successfully used for rapid fluorometric determination of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in real samples (milk, lake water, bezoar antidotal pills, ginseng stems, and leaves).</p>

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Rapid analysis of mercury ion in real samples via ion-imprinted nanoparticle-based test strips

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Rui Wang,
  • Junping Xue,
  • Chunyu Tan,
  • Birong Jia,
  • Peng Zhang,
  • Lingxin Chen,
  • Jinhua Li,
  • Zhihua Song

摘要

Mercury ion (Hg2+) contamination poses severe threats to ecological systems and human health, necessitating the development of facile and rapid monitoring methodologies. Herein, a fluorescence sensing system integrating ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) nanoparticle (NP)-based test strips with a miniaturized fluorimeter was fabricated for rapid quantitative analysis of Hg2+ in complicated matrix samples. First, CdTe quantum dot (QD)-coated silica (CdTe@SiO2) NPs and Hg2+-imprinted polymer-functionalized CdTe@SiO2 (Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO2) NPs were synthesized via an ion-imprinting strategy using Hg2+ as the template ion via ion-imprinting technology. Critical synthetic parameters, including the feed ratios of functional monomer, cross-linker, and catalyst, as well as the loading volume of QDs, were systematically optimized. Characterizations verified that the as-prepared Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO2 NPs displayed regular spherical morphology, desirable component distribution, and favorable fluorescence performance. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that Hg2+ effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO2 NPs via a combination of dynamic quenching and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Benefiting from the good fluorescence properties of specific recognition of the system, the constructed sensing platform achieved high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.1 ng/L, superior anti-interference selectivity, and satisfactory reproducibility and storage stability (relative standard deviation, RSD < 5%). Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) assessment confirmed the eco-friendly feature of the proposed detection strategy. Finally, the developed sensing system was successfully applied for Hg2+ quantification in real samples, highlighting its promising application prospect for environmental supervision, food safety, and pharmaceutical inspection.

Graphic abstract

Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO2 NP-based test strips combined with a miniaturized fluorometer were successfully used for rapid fluorometric determination of Hg2+ in real samples (milk, lake water, bezoar antidotal pills, ginseng stems, and leaves).