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<p>In this study, a Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>-MXene-based molecularly imprinted polymer sensor (MX/GCE-MiP) was developed for the electrochemical determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. By combining the high surface area and conductivity of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>-MXene with the selective recognition properties of molecularly imprinted polymers, a sensitive electrochemical sensing platform was obtained. The analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) using the [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>−3/−4</sup> redox probe system after rebinding of lenvatinib within the imprinted cavities. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 5.0–30.0&#xa0;nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29&#xa0;nM. Selectivity studies performed in the presence of dopamine, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and futibatinib demonstrated a significantly higher response toward lenvatinib under identical experimental conditions. In addition, the sensor showed good repeatability (3.20%), reproducibility (3.65%), and storage stability (4.1%). The applicability of the proposed sensor was preliminarily evaluated in synthetic serum and urine samples, yielding acceptable recovery values. Overall, the developed MX/GCE-MIP sensor provides a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective platform for the electrochemical detection of lenvatinib.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Electroanalytical method development for the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib using a Ti3C2Tx-MXene based molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon electrode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Mehmet Gülcan,
  • Pınar Talay Pınar

摘要

In this study, a Ti3C2Tx-MXene-based molecularly imprinted polymer sensor (MX/GCE-MiP) was developed for the electrochemical determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. By combining the high surface area and conductivity of Ti3C2Tx-MXene with the selective recognition properties of molecularly imprinted polymers, a sensitive electrochemical sensing platform was obtained. The analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) using the [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 redox probe system after rebinding of lenvatinib within the imprinted cavities. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 5.0–30.0 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 nM. Selectivity studies performed in the presence of dopamine, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and futibatinib demonstrated a significantly higher response toward lenvatinib under identical experimental conditions. In addition, the sensor showed good repeatability (3.20%), reproducibility (3.65%), and storage stability (4.1%). The applicability of the proposed sensor was preliminarily evaluated in synthetic serum and urine samples, yielding acceptable recovery values. Overall, the developed MX/GCE-MIP sensor provides a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective platform for the electrochemical detection of lenvatinib.

Graphical abstract