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Rationale <p>Although cognitive fatigue commonly occurs during sports, effective strategies to improve it during exercise have not been established.</p> Objectives <p>This study determined whether high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) consumption improves reaction time and inhibitory executive function impairments during prolonged cognitive load combined with aerobic exercise.</p> Methods <p>In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy males (22 ± 2&#xa0;years) participated in both low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) and HCF trials. Double-blinded capsules (LCF 50&#xa0;mg and HCF 500&#xa0;mg) were consumed 1&#xa0;h before a 50-min cognitive exercise dual-tasking protocol, which included a color-word Stroop task (CWST) and moderate-intensity cycling. The CWST assessed reaction time and reverse-Stroop interference score as indicators of inhibitory executive process.</p> Results <p>Reaction time (LCF 774 ± 146&#xa0;ms <i>vs.</i> HCF 731 ± 101&#xa0;ms, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and reverse-Stroop interference score (LCF 6.2 [3.2–15.5] <i>vs.</i> HCF 4.6 [1.2–11.4], <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) were significantly better 1&#xa0;h after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption, indicating that HCF improved both reaction time and the inhibitory executive process at rest. During the 50-min cognitive-exercise dual-tasking protocol, HCF consumption resulted in faster reaction time (LCF 712 ± 122&#xa0;ms <i>vs.</i> HCF 685 ± 111&#xa0;ms, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and better inhibitory executive process (LCF 8.4 ± 5.0 <i>vs.</i> HCF 6.6 ± 3.5, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to those following LCF consumption.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings suggest that flavanol-rich cocoa may improve reaction time and inhibitory executive process impaired by cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise.</p>

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A single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Hayato Tsukamoto,
  • Sota Yoneya,
  • Takahiro Koyama,
  • Asuka Suzuki,
  • I Wayan Yuuki,
  • Kento Dora,
  • Takeshi Hashimoto

摘要

Rationale

Although cognitive fatigue commonly occurs during sports, effective strategies to improve it during exercise have not been established.

Objectives

This study determined whether high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) consumption improves reaction time and inhibitory executive function impairments during prolonged cognitive load combined with aerobic exercise.

Methods

In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy males (22 ± 2 years) participated in both low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) and HCF trials. Double-blinded capsules (LCF 50 mg and HCF 500 mg) were consumed 1 h before a 50-min cognitive exercise dual-tasking protocol, which included a color-word Stroop task (CWST) and moderate-intensity cycling. The CWST assessed reaction time and reverse-Stroop interference score as indicators of inhibitory executive process.

Results

Reaction time (LCF 774 ± 146 ms vs. HCF 731 ± 101 ms, P < 0.01) and reverse-Stroop interference score (LCF 6.2 [3.2–15.5] vs. HCF 4.6 [1.2–11.4], P < 0.01) were significantly better 1 h after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption, indicating that HCF improved both reaction time and the inhibitory executive process at rest. During the 50-min cognitive-exercise dual-tasking protocol, HCF consumption resulted in faster reaction time (LCF 712 ± 122 ms vs. HCF 685 ± 111 ms, P < 0.05) and better inhibitory executive process (LCF 8.4 ± 5.0 vs. HCF 6.6 ± 3.5, P < 0.05) compared to those following LCF consumption.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that flavanol-rich cocoa may improve reaction time and inhibitory executive process impaired by cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise.