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<p>Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, particularly carbapenemase production, is an increasing global public health concern. This retrospective study aimed to compare community-acquired and hospital-acquired Gram-negative infections and to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns, with a particular focus on carbapenemase production, in a newly established regional hospital in Turkey. A total of 437 non-duplicate Gram-negative isolates recovered between January and December 2025 were included and classified as community-acquired or hospital-acquired according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines, while carbapenemase production was assessed using the NG-Test CARBA 5 assay. Of the isolates, 370 (84.66%) were community-acquired, and 67 (15.33%) were hospital-acquired. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the predominant pathogen in community-acquired infections, whereas <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were most frequently isolated from hospital-acquired infections. Community-acquired isolates showed high susceptibility to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and nitrofurantoin, while hospital-acquired isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Carbapenem resistance was mainly observed among hospital-acquired isolates, particularly <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and the <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> <i>complex</i>. Carbapenemase production was detected predominantly in hospital-acquired isolates, with OXA-48-like and NDM enzymes being the most common, although sporadic carbapenemase-producing community-acquired isolates were also identified. The early detection of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase producers, shortly after hospital opening underscores the necessity of early antimicrobial resistance surveillance and robust infection prevention and control strategies.</p>

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Antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase production among gram-negative bacteria in a newly established hospital

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Abdullah Tozluyurt

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, particularly carbapenemase production, is an increasing global public health concern. This retrospective study aimed to compare community-acquired and hospital-acquired Gram-negative infections and to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns, with a particular focus on carbapenemase production, in a newly established regional hospital in Turkey. A total of 437 non-duplicate Gram-negative isolates recovered between January and December 2025 were included and classified as community-acquired or hospital-acquired according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines, while carbapenemase production was assessed using the NG-Test CARBA 5 assay. Of the isolates, 370 (84.66%) were community-acquired, and 67 (15.33%) were hospital-acquired. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen in community-acquired infections, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most frequently isolated from hospital-acquired infections. Community-acquired isolates showed high susceptibility to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and nitrofurantoin, while hospital-acquired isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Carbapenem resistance was mainly observed among hospital-acquired isolates, particularly K. pneumoniae and the Enterobacter cloacae complex. Carbapenemase production was detected predominantly in hospital-acquired isolates, with OXA-48-like and NDM enzymes being the most common, although sporadic carbapenemase-producing community-acquired isolates were also identified. The early detection of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase producers, shortly after hospital opening underscores the necessity of early antimicrobial resistance surveillance and robust infection prevention and control strategies.