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<p>Oral cancer is among the six most prevalent cancers globally, with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance and poor selectivity. Although molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs) have shown promising biomedical applications, studies on myco-mediated MoO<sub>3</sub>NP synthesis and their specific relevance to oral cancer therapy remains limited, highlighting an important knowledge gap. In this study, we report the first myco-fabrication of Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs using an endophytic fungus, <i>Fusarium</i> sp. strain JK-2, isolated from <i>Justicia tranquebariensis</i> Linn, selected for its rich secondary metabolite profile and strong reducing and stabilizing capability. GC–MS analysis of fungal extract revealed 20 bioactive compounds, supporting its role in eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs were extensively characterized and exhibited a characteristic UV Vis absorption peak at 340&#xa0;nm, confirming the SPR characteristic of MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs. The TEM micrographs confirm the quasi-spherical-shaped Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs with an average size of 10.39 ± 1.62&#xa0;nm. The Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs showed effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MTCC 1430 (MRSA) (MIC: 100&#xa0;µg/mL) and showed excellent biocompatibility against normal 3T3-mouse fibroblast cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs induce dose-dependent apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest at the G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase, and inhibit the migration, highlighting their relevance to oral cancer. These results confirm the dual antibacterial and anticancer potential of myco-synthesized Fu@MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs, suggesting their promise as multifunctional candidates for translational medicine.</p>

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Myco-mediated synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles using Fusarium sp. strain JK-2 and their anticancer and antibacterial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Bhuvaneshwar Ramalingam,
  • Malini Dhanaraju,
  • Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal

摘要

Oral cancer is among the six most prevalent cancers globally, with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance and poor selectivity. Although molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3NPs) have shown promising biomedical applications, studies on myco-mediated MoO3NP synthesis and their specific relevance to oral cancer therapy remains limited, highlighting an important knowledge gap. In this study, we report the first myco-fabrication of Fu@MoO3NPs using an endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp. strain JK-2, isolated from Justicia tranquebariensis Linn, selected for its rich secondary metabolite profile and strong reducing and stabilizing capability. GC–MS analysis of fungal extract revealed 20 bioactive compounds, supporting its role in eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized Fu@MoO3NPs were extensively characterized and exhibited a characteristic UV Vis absorption peak at 340 nm, confirming the SPR characteristic of MoO3NPs. The TEM micrographs confirm the quasi-spherical-shaped Fu@MoO3NPs with an average size of 10.39 ± 1.62 nm. The Fu@MoO3NPs showed effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1430 (MRSA) (MIC: 100 µg/mL) and showed excellent biocompatibility against normal 3T3-mouse fibroblast cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that Fu@MoO3NPs induce dose-dependent apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and inhibit the migration, highlighting their relevance to oral cancer. These results confirm the dual antibacterial and anticancer potential of myco-synthesized Fu@MoO3NPs, suggesting their promise as multifunctional candidates for translational medicine.