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<p>Tissue injury results from cellular or structural disruption caused by physical, chemical, or biological insults, often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in tissue homeostasis, supporting repair at physiological levels but causing damage when overproduced. Among natural antioxidants, sesamol, a phenolic lignan derived from <i>Sesamum indicum</i> oil, has demonstrated potent free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. This review aims to comprehensively examine the therapeutic potential of sesamol in mitigating tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. It is the first integrative review linking pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and pharmacodynamics of sesamol in tissue repair while emphasizing recent advances in pharmaceutical formulations that enhance its clinical applicability. An extensive literature survey was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering studies from 1990 to 2025. Relevant preclinical and clinical reports were critically analyzed to summarize sesamol’s biochemical mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and formulation strategies in various tissue injury models, including endotoxin, ischemia–reperfusion, radiation, chemical, and wound-induced injuries. Sesamol exhibits broad-spectrum protective activity through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. It reduces ROS, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, ILs, NF-κB) while enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, Nrf2) and pro-healing factors (VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β). Despite favorable solubility and oral bioavailability, sesamol’s rapid metabolism limits its systemic exposure. Nanoformulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, PLGA nanosuspensions, and nanofiber dressings, have shown enhanced stability, sustained release, tissue retention, and superior wound-healing efficacy, in vivo. Sesamol is a multitarget natural antioxidant with significant promise in tissue repair and regeneration. Pharmaceutical encapsulation strategies offer a viable route to overcome its physicochemical limitations and translate its potent redox-modulating and regenerative properties into clinically relevant therapies for wound and organ protection.</p>

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Sesamol as a multifunctional antioxidant in tissue injury and repair: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Parneet Kaur Deol,
  • Harmanjot Kaur,
  • Ravi Kumar,
  • Jaswinder Kaur,
  • Renuka Verma,
  • Indu Pal Kaur

摘要

Tissue injury results from cellular or structural disruption caused by physical, chemical, or biological insults, often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in tissue homeostasis, supporting repair at physiological levels but causing damage when overproduced. Among natural antioxidants, sesamol, a phenolic lignan derived from Sesamum indicum oil, has demonstrated potent free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. This review aims to comprehensively examine the therapeutic potential of sesamol in mitigating tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. It is the first integrative review linking pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and pharmacodynamics of sesamol in tissue repair while emphasizing recent advances in pharmaceutical formulations that enhance its clinical applicability. An extensive literature survey was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering studies from 1990 to 2025. Relevant preclinical and clinical reports were critically analyzed to summarize sesamol’s biochemical mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and formulation strategies in various tissue injury models, including endotoxin, ischemia–reperfusion, radiation, chemical, and wound-induced injuries. Sesamol exhibits broad-spectrum protective activity through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. It reduces ROS, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, ILs, NF-κB) while enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, Nrf2) and pro-healing factors (VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β). Despite favorable solubility and oral bioavailability, sesamol’s rapid metabolism limits its systemic exposure. Nanoformulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, PLGA nanosuspensions, and nanofiber dressings, have shown enhanced stability, sustained release, tissue retention, and superior wound-healing efficacy, in vivo. Sesamol is a multitarget natural antioxidant with significant promise in tissue repair and regeneration. Pharmaceutical encapsulation strategies offer a viable route to overcome its physicochemical limitations and translate its potent redox-modulating and regenerative properties into clinically relevant therapies for wound and organ protection.