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<p>The most common autoimmune illness in both developed and under developed countries is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the past, RA could not be effectively treated with any existing strategies. However, new medications and therapeutic approaches have been created to combat this condition in the present day as a result of advancements in drug delivery science. Numerous advancements have been made in the therapy formulations for RA that are currently on the market in the last few years. One well-known medication for the treatment of RA is methotrexate (MTX). However, most current treatment formulations have several adverse effects and are unable to completely alleviate all RA symptoms. Combination therapy for the treatment of RA may be more successful than MTX therapy alone in addressing such problems. We discovered that MTX plus infliximab (INF), golimumab (GOL), leflunomide (LEF), folic acid (FA), and azathioprine was more successful than MTX alone because it had less adverse effects and a lower risk of RA relapses. MTX monotherapy has been shown to be less effective than combinations with one or more drugs. We examined the many injectable treatments for RA, focusing on thermo-responsive targeted drug delivery systems as cutting-edge means of delivering MTX, either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Thermo-responsive in situ hydrogel-based injectables in latest drug delivery systems have the potential to address many of the challenges related to RA treatment and therapy.</p>

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A comprehensive review on thermo-responsive targeted and functional therapy for management of rheumatoid arthritis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Huma Hameed,
  • Syed Sharf ud Din,
  • Muhammad Zaman,
  • Muhammad Ahsan Waqar,
  • Kainat Fatima,
  • Abdullah Ashraf,
  • Huzaifa Malik,
  • Ahmad Salawi

摘要

The most common autoimmune illness in both developed and under developed countries is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the past, RA could not be effectively treated with any existing strategies. However, new medications and therapeutic approaches have been created to combat this condition in the present day as a result of advancements in drug delivery science. Numerous advancements have been made in the therapy formulations for RA that are currently on the market in the last few years. One well-known medication for the treatment of RA is methotrexate (MTX). However, most current treatment formulations have several adverse effects and are unable to completely alleviate all RA symptoms. Combination therapy for the treatment of RA may be more successful than MTX therapy alone in addressing such problems. We discovered that MTX plus infliximab (INF), golimumab (GOL), leflunomide (LEF), folic acid (FA), and azathioprine was more successful than MTX alone because it had less adverse effects and a lower risk of RA relapses. MTX monotherapy has been shown to be less effective than combinations with one or more drugs. We examined the many injectable treatments for RA, focusing on thermo-responsive targeted drug delivery systems as cutting-edge means of delivering MTX, either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Thermo-responsive in situ hydrogel-based injectables in latest drug delivery systems have the potential to address many of the challenges related to RA treatment and therapy.