<p>We study the Brézis-Nirenberg problem under the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3698_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> constraint <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3698_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\Omega }|u|^2dx = c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <i>c</i> is a prescribed positive number. We show that, for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3698_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(j \in {\mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3698_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_j &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3698_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c \in (0,c_j)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, this problem has at least <i>j</i> sign-changing normalized solutions. The main tools are a new kind of linking contained in an open set of a Hilbert-Riemannian manifold below a level set and the estimates of energies of the sign-changing critical points. Further, these tools do not depend on that the corresponding functional is even, and can be extended to the cases for non-even functionals.</p>

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On multiple sign-changing normalized solutions to the Brézis-Nirenberg problem

  • Linjie Song,
  • Wenming Zou

摘要

We study the Brézis-Nirenberg problem under the \(L^2\) L 2 constraint \(\int _{\Omega }|u|^2dx = c\) Ω | u | 2 d x = c where c is a prescribed positive number. We show that, for any \(j \in {\mathbb {N}}\) j N , there exists \(c_j > 0\) c j > 0 such that if \(c \in (0,c_j)\) c ( 0 , c j ) , this problem has at least j sign-changing normalized solutions. The main tools are a new kind of linking contained in an open set of a Hilbert-Riemannian manifold below a level set and the estimates of energies of the sign-changing critical points. Further, these tools do not depend on that the corresponding functional is even, and can be extended to the cases for non-even functionals.