<p>In the previous work [<CitationRef CitationID="CR24">24</CitationRef>], de Queiroz and Shahgholian investigated the regularity of solutions to the obstacle problem with a singular logarithmic forcing term <Equation ID="Equ53"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u = \log u \, \chi _{\{u&gt;0\}} \quad \text {in} \quad \Omega , \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi _{\{u&gt;0\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the characteristic function of the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{u&gt;0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) is a smooth bounded domain. The solution is obtained by solving the minimization problem for the functional <Equation ID="Equ54"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mathscr {J}(u):=\int _{\Omega }\left( \frac{|\nabla u|^2}{2}-u^+ (\log u-1)\right) \, dx, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">J</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u^+=\max \{0,u\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, based on the regularity of the solution, we establish the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^{1,\alpha }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> regularity of the free boundary <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \cap \partial \{u&gt;0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> near regular points for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in (0,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The logarithmic forcing term becomes singular near the free boundary <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \cap \partial \{u&gt;0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and lacks scaling properties, which are crucial for studying the regularity of the free boundary. Despite these challenges, we draw overall inspiration from the <i>epiperimetric inequality</i> method introduced by Weiss [<CitationRef CitationID="CR32">32</CitationRef>]. Central to our approach is the introduction of a new type of energy contraction. This allows us to obtain energy decay, which in turn ensures the uniqueness of blow-up limit and subsequently leads to the regularity of the free boundary.</p>

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The free boundary for the singular obstacle problem with logarithmic forcing term

  • Lili Du,
  • Yi Zhou

摘要

In the previous work [24], de Queiroz and Shahgholian investigated the regularity of solutions to the obstacle problem with a singular logarithmic forcing term \(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u = \log u \, \chi _{\{u>0\}} \quad \text {in} \quad \Omega , \end{aligned}\) - Δ u = log u χ { u > 0 } in Ω , where \(\chi _{\{u>0\}}\) χ { u > 0 } denotes the characteristic function of the set \(\{u>0\}\) { u > 0 } and \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\) Ω R n ( \(n \ge 2\) n 2 ) is a smooth bounded domain. The solution is obtained by solving the minimization problem for the functional \(\begin{aligned} \mathscr {J}(u):=\int _{\Omega }\left( \frac{|\nabla u|^2}{2}-u^+ (\log u-1)\right) \, dx, \end{aligned}\) J ( u ) : = Ω | u | 2 2 - u + ( log u - 1 ) d x , where \(u^+=\max \{0,u\}\) u + = max { 0 , u } . In this paper, based on the regularity of the solution, we establish the \(C^{1,\alpha }\) C 1 , α regularity of the free boundary \(\Omega \cap \partial \{u>0\}\) Ω { u > 0 } near regular points for some \(\alpha \in (0,1)\) α ( 0 , 1 ) . The logarithmic forcing term becomes singular near the free boundary \(\Omega \cap \partial \{u>0\}\) Ω { u > 0 } and lacks scaling properties, which are crucial for studying the regularity of the free boundary. Despite these challenges, we draw overall inspiration from the epiperimetric inequality method introduced by Weiss [32]. Central to our approach is the introduction of a new type of energy contraction. This allows us to obtain energy decay, which in turn ensures the uniqueness of blow-up limit and subsequently leads to the regularity of the free boundary.