<p>Given a bounded regular domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the half-cylinder <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="125" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Sigma = \omega \times (0,+\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we consider the relative overdetermined torsion problem in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, i.e. <Equation ID="Equ27"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_Equ27.gif" Format="GIF" Height="95" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="164" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta {u}+1=0 &amp; \hbox { in}\ \Omega ,\\ \partial _\eta u = 0 &amp; \hbox { on}\ {\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega ,\\ u=0 &amp; \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega ,\\ \partial _{\nu }u =c &amp; \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>η</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \Sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="95" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _\Omega = \partial \Omega \cap \Sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega = \partial \Omega {\setminus } \Gamma _\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ν</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the outer unit normal vector on <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the outer unit normal vector on <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We build nontrivial solutions to this problem in domains <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that are the hypograph of certain nonconstant functions <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="120" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v: {\overline{\omega }} \rightarrow (0, + \infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mover> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Such solutions can be reflected with respect to <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, giving nontrivial solutions to the relative overdetermined torsion problem in a cylinder. The proof uses a local bifurcation argument which, quite remarkably, works for most smooth domains <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="208_2025_3112_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Nontrivial solutions to the relative overdetermined torsion problem in a cylinder

  • Filomena Pacella,
  • David Ruiz,
  • Pieralberto Sicbaldi

摘要

Given a bounded regular domain \(\omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N-1}\) ω R N - 1 and the half-cylinder \(\Sigma = \omega \times (0,+\infty )\) Σ = ω × ( 0 , + ) , we consider the relative overdetermined torsion problem in \(\Sigma \) Σ , i.e. \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta {u}+1=0 & \hbox { in}\ \Omega ,\\ \partial _\eta u = 0 & \hbox { on}\ {\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega ,\\ u=0 & \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega ,\\ \partial _{\nu }u =c & \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) Δ u + 1 = 0 in Ω , η u = 0 on Γ ~ Ω , u = 0 on Γ Ω , ν u = c on Γ Ω , where \(\Omega \subset \Sigma \) Ω Σ , \(\Gamma _\Omega = \partial \Omega \cap \Sigma \) Γ Ω = Ω Σ , \({\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega = \partial \Omega {\setminus } \Gamma _\Omega \) Γ ~ Ω = Ω \ Γ Ω , \(\nu \) ν is the outer unit normal vector on \(\Gamma _\Omega \) Γ Ω and \(\eta \) η is the outer unit normal vector on \({\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega \) Γ ~ Ω . We build nontrivial solutions to this problem in domains \(\Omega \) Ω that are the hypograph of certain nonconstant functions \(v: {\overline{\omega }} \rightarrow (0, + \infty )\) v : ω ¯ ( 0 , + ) . Such solutions can be reflected with respect to \(\omega \) ω , giving nontrivial solutions to the relative overdetermined torsion problem in a cylinder. The proof uses a local bifurcation argument which, quite remarkably, works for most smooth domains \(\omega \) ω .