Multifractality and intermittency in the limit evolution of polygonal vortex filaments

With the aim of quantifying turbulent behaviors of vortex filaments, we study the multifractality and intermittency of the family of generalized Riemann’s non-differentiable functions \(\begin{aligned} R_{x_0}(t) = \sum _{n \ne 0} \frac{e^{2\pi i ( n^2 t + n x_0 ) } }{n^2}, \qquad x_0 \in [0,1]. \end{aligned}\) $$\begin{array}{c}\hfill R_{x_0}(t)=\sum _{n\ne 0}\frac{e^{2\pi i(n^{2}t+n{x}_0)}}{n^2},x_0\in [0,1].\end{array}$$ These functions represent, in a certain limit, the trajectory of regular polygonal vortex filaments that evolve according to the binormal flow. When \(x_0\) $x_0$ is rational, we show that \(R_{x_0}\) $R_{x_0}$ is multifractal and intermittent by completely determining the spectrum of singularities of \(R_{x_0}\) $R_{x_0}$ and computing the \(L^p\) $L^p$ norms of its Fourier high-pass filters, which are analogues of structure functions. We prove that \(R_{x_0}\) $R_{x_0}$ has a multifractal behavior also when \(x_0\) $x_0$ is irrational. The proofs rely on a careful design of Diophantine sets that depend on \(x_0\) $x_0$ , which we study by using the Duffin–Schaeffer theorem and the Mass Transference Principle.