<p>A fundamental result in global analysis and nonlinear elasticity asserts that given a solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to the Gauss–Codazzi–Ricci equations over a simply-connected closed manifold <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\mathcal {M}^n,g)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, one may find an isometric immersion <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\iota \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ι</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\mathcal {M}^n,g)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> into the Euclidean space <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{n+k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose extrinsic geometry coincides with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here the dimension <i>n</i> and the codimension <i>k</i> are arbitrary. Abundant literature has been devoted to relaxing the regularity assumptions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\iota \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ι</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The best result up to date is <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {S} \in L^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">S</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\iota \in W^{2,p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ι</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;n \ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p=n=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we extend the above result to <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\iota \in \mathcal {X}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ι</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the topology of which is strictly weaker than <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W^{2,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Indeed, <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {X}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">X</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be taken as the Morrey space <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{p, n-p}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with arbitrary <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \in ]2,n]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This appears to be the first supercritical result in the literature on the existence of isometric immersions with low regularity, given the solubility of the Gauss–Codazzi–Ricci equations. Our proof essentially utilises the theory of Uhlenbeck gauges—in particular, Rivière–Struwe’s work (<span>Rivière</span> and <span>Struwe</span> in Comm Pure Appl Math 61:451–463, 2008) on harmonic maps in arbitrary dimensions and codimensions—and the theory of compensated compactness.</p>

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On the Fundamental Theorem of Submanifold Theory and Isometric Immersions with Supercritical Low Regularity

  • Siran Li,
  • Xiangxiang Su

摘要

A fundamental result in global analysis and nonlinear elasticity asserts that given a solution \(\mathfrak {S}\) S to the Gauss–Codazzi–Ricci equations over a simply-connected closed manifold \((\mathcal {M}^n,g)\) ( M n , g ) , one may find an isometric immersion \(\iota \) ι of \((\mathcal {M}^n,g)\) ( M n , g ) into the Euclidean space \(\mathbb {R}^{n+k}\) R n + k whose extrinsic geometry coincides with \(\mathfrak {S}\) S . Here the dimension n and the codimension k are arbitrary. Abundant literature has been devoted to relaxing the regularity assumptions on \(\mathfrak {S}\) S and \(\iota \) ι . The best result up to date is \(\mathfrak {S} \in L^p\) S L p and \(\iota \in W^{2,p}\) ι W 2 , p for \(p>n \ge 3\) p > n 3 or \(p=n=2\) p = n = 2 . In this paper, we extend the above result to \(\iota \in \mathcal {X}\) ι X the topology of which is strictly weaker than \(W^{2,n}\) W 2 , n for \(n \ge 3\) n 3 . Indeed, \(\mathcal {X}\) X can be taken as the Morrey space \(L^{p, n-p}_{2}\) L 2 p , n - p with arbitrary \(p \in ]2,n]\) p ] 2 , n ] . This appears to be the first supercritical result in the literature on the existence of isometric immersions with low regularity, given the solubility of the Gauss–Codazzi–Ricci equations. Our proof essentially utilises the theory of Uhlenbeck gauges—in particular, Rivière–Struwe’s work (Rivière and Struwe in Comm Pure Appl Math 61:451–463, 2008) on harmonic maps in arbitrary dimensions and codimensions—and the theory of compensated compactness.