Existence of Minimizers for the Dirac–Fock Model of Crystals

Whereas many different models exist in mathematics and physics for the ground states of non-relativistic crystals, the relativistic case has been much less studied, and we are not aware of any mathematical result on a fully relativistic treatment of crystals. In this paper, we introduce a mean-field relativistic energy for crystals in terms of periodic density matrices. This model is inspired both from a recent definition of the Dirac–Fock ground state for atoms and molecules, due to one of us, and from the non-relativistic Hartree–Fock model for crystals. We prove the existence of a ground state when the number of electrons per cell is not too large.