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<p>Alternaria blight, caused by <i>Alternaria brassicae</i>, is a major constraint in Indian rapeseed–mustard cultivation, causing substantial yield losses. <i>Diplotaxis erucoides</i>, an oligotrophic wild crucifer exhibiting natural tolerance to Alternaria blight was explored as a source of beneficial endophytic bacteria. In this study, endophytic bacteria isolated from various tissues of <i>D. erucoides</i> were screened for plant growth-promoting and antagonistic traits against <i>A. brassicae</i>. Functionally efficient isolates showing growth promotion, phytohormone production, siderophore production and pathogen inhibition were selected using a Bonitur-based trait-guided approach to synthesize root-derived, leaf-derived and combined synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) comprising 12, 14 and 26 isolates, respectively. In pot trials, the Combined SynCom (CSC) significantly improved plant growth and yield-related parameters in <i>Brassica juncea</i> and provided the greatest disease suppression, reducing disease severity by 30.75% and conferring 47.08% disease protection at 21&#xa0;days post-inoculation. Histochemical and biochemical analysis revealed reduced Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2)</sub> accumulation and necrotic symptoms, along with enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity in CSC-treated <i>Alternaria</i>-challenged plants. These responses were accompanied by increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, together with greater accumulation of callose and phenolics compounds. These findings indicate that a SynCom assembled from functionally complementary endophytes associated with a wild <i>Brassica</i> relative can enhance plant growth and promote disease resistance through both microbial antagonism and activation of host defense responses. The results demonstrate the utility of trait-guided SynCom assembly for developing microbial inoculants and highlights CSC as a promising SynCom-based biocontrol and biofertilizer candidate for sustainable mustard production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Diplotaxis erucoides-derived SynCom suppresses Alternaria blight in mustard by regulating ROS homeostasis and defense response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Chetana Aggarwal,
  • Jogendra Singh,
  • Ashish Kumar Gupta,
  • Vijayata Singh,
  • Muthukkaruppan Elakkya,
  • Sonam Priyadarshani,
  • Sangeeta Paul

摘要

Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae, is a major constraint in Indian rapeseed–mustard cultivation, causing substantial yield losses. Diplotaxis erucoides, an oligotrophic wild crucifer exhibiting natural tolerance to Alternaria blight was explored as a source of beneficial endophytic bacteria. In this study, endophytic bacteria isolated from various tissues of D. erucoides were screened for plant growth-promoting and antagonistic traits against A. brassicae. Functionally efficient isolates showing growth promotion, phytohormone production, siderophore production and pathogen inhibition were selected using a Bonitur-based trait-guided approach to synthesize root-derived, leaf-derived and combined synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) comprising 12, 14 and 26 isolates, respectively. In pot trials, the Combined SynCom (CSC) significantly improved plant growth and yield-related parameters in Brassica juncea and provided the greatest disease suppression, reducing disease severity by 30.75% and conferring 47.08% disease protection at 21 days post-inoculation. Histochemical and biochemical analysis revealed reduced Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and necrotic symptoms, along with enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity in CSC-treated Alternaria-challenged plants. These responses were accompanied by increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, together with greater accumulation of callose and phenolics compounds. These findings indicate that a SynCom assembled from functionally complementary endophytes associated with a wild Brassica relative can enhance plant growth and promote disease resistance through both microbial antagonism and activation of host defense responses. The results demonstrate the utility of trait-guided SynCom assembly for developing microbial inoculants and highlights CSC as a promising SynCom-based biocontrol and biofertilizer candidate for sustainable mustard production.

Graphical abstract