Scholarlink

<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (VRSA) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ceftazidime-resistant), pose serious healthcare challenges. This study aimed to develop PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin (Nis) and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG) to enhance antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. The formulation was prepared using thin-film hydration followed by PEGylation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, sustained-release kinetics, and good physicochemical stability. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effects were evaluated using standard microbiological assays. The PEGylated formulation showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, larger inhibition zones, and sustained bactericidal activity against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> compared to free agents or non-PEGylated niosomes (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Anti-biofilm assays demonstrated &gt; 80% biomass reduction and the lowest minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values across clinical and reference strains. The quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed marked downregulation of all target genes. Cytotoxicity assays using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2&#xa0;H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed minimal adverse effects on mammalian cells. Overall, PEGylated niosomal co-delivery of Nis and ZnO nanoparticles provides a potent, broad-spectrum, and biocompatible strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and disrupt biofilms, supporting its potential for further in vivo evaluation.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin and ZnO nanoparticles against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

查看全文
  • Sara Gandomi,
  • Fatemeh Ashrafi,
  • Pedram Heidari,
  • Zahra Namvar

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ceftazidime-resistant), pose serious healthcare challenges. This study aimed to develop PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin (Nis) and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG) to enhance antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. The formulation was prepared using thin-film hydration followed by PEGylation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, sustained-release kinetics, and good physicochemical stability. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effects were evaluated using standard microbiological assays. The PEGylated formulation showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, larger inhibition zones, and sustained bactericidal activity against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa compared to free agents or non-PEGylated niosomes (P < 0.001). Anti-biofilm assays demonstrated > 80% biomass reduction and the lowest minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values across clinical and reference strains. The quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed marked downregulation of all target genes. Cytotoxicity assays using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed minimal adverse effects on mammalian cells. Overall, PEGylated niosomal co-delivery of Nis and ZnO nanoparticles provides a potent, broad-spectrum, and biocompatible strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and disrupt biofilms, supporting its potential for further in vivo evaluation.