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<p>Fungal cellulases are pivotal industrial enzymes with diverse applications across agriculture, textiles, biofuels, and bioremediation. It belongs to Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) families such as GH5, GH6, and GH7, which are primarily produced by filamentous fungi like <i>Trichoderma</i>,<i> Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Penicillium</i>. These enzymes exhibit high stability and efficiency, making them superior to plant and animal-derived counterparts. The review explores production strategies, including solid-state and submerged fermentation, highlighting their advantages and challenges. It also discusses the use of agricultural and industrial waste as cost-effective substrates, aligned with the principles of the circular economy. Advanced techniques, such as directed evolution, nanotechnology-based immobilization, and omics-based approaches, have enhanced cellulase production and efficiency. Structural insights into fungal cellulases, including their catalytic domains and carbohydrate-binding modules, provide a foundation for understanding their catalytic mechanisms. Comparative analyses with bacterial cellulases reveal unique structural adaptations that influence substrate specificity and processivity. The industrial significance of fungal cellulases is emphasized by their role in biofuel production, textile processing, and bioremediation. Innovations in enzyme immobilization and recombinant expression further expand their applicability. This review aims to serve as a resource for researchers and industries seeking to harness the potential of fungal cellulases in sustainable bioprocessing and biotechnology.</p>

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Fungal cellulases: a comprehensive review on production, innovations, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Mahima,
  • Varsha Rani,
  • Kunwar Vishal,
  • Pawan Kumar Doharey,
  • Aiman Tanveer,
  • Pramod K. Yadav,
  • Dinesh Yadav

摘要

Fungal cellulases are pivotal industrial enzymes with diverse applications across agriculture, textiles, biofuels, and bioremediation. It belongs to Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) families such as GH5, GH6, and GH7, which are primarily produced by filamentous fungi like Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. These enzymes exhibit high stability and efficiency, making them superior to plant and animal-derived counterparts. The review explores production strategies, including solid-state and submerged fermentation, highlighting their advantages and challenges. It also discusses the use of agricultural and industrial waste as cost-effective substrates, aligned with the principles of the circular economy. Advanced techniques, such as directed evolution, nanotechnology-based immobilization, and omics-based approaches, have enhanced cellulase production and efficiency. Structural insights into fungal cellulases, including their catalytic domains and carbohydrate-binding modules, provide a foundation for understanding their catalytic mechanisms. Comparative analyses with bacterial cellulases reveal unique structural adaptations that influence substrate specificity and processivity. The industrial significance of fungal cellulases is emphasized by their role in biofuel production, textile processing, and bioremediation. Innovations in enzyme immobilization and recombinant expression further expand their applicability. This review aims to serve as a resource for researchers and industries seeking to harness the potential of fungal cellulases in sustainable bioprocessing and biotechnology.