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<p>The human gut microbiome harbors diverse beneficial bacteria with potential roles in supporting host health. <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> has recently attracted interest as a next-generation probiotic (NGP) candidate; however, functional evidence for human-derived strains remains limited. Here, three human gut–derived <i>P. distasonis</i> strains (B2-S-102, B2-Q-110, and Y3-G-102) were isolated from healthy individuals and characterized using comparative genomics and in vitro functional assays. Species-level identity was supported by 16S rRNA gene analysis and whole-genome relatedness metrics (ANI &gt; 97% and dDDH &gt; 70%), consistent with established species delineation thresholds. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the strains showed tolerance to acidic pH (pH 2.0), bile salts (0.3%), and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Functionally, the strains exhibited measurable antioxidant activity (35.03 ± 7.76% to 51.22 ± 5.60% DPPH inhibition) and <i>α</i>-amylase inhibitory activity (51.03 ± 32.12% to 69.23 ± 4.26%) in vitro. Cell-free supernatants inhibited albumin denaturation (47.65 ± 3.56% to 65.26 ± 4.15%), while live bacteria reduced nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (p &lt; 0.05). The strains also displayed in vitro growth-inhibitory activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>. Genome mining identified multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, indicating genetic potential for secondary metabolite production; however, expression and metabolite identity were not experimentally validated. No haemolytic activity was observed, supporting a favorable preliminary safety profile. Overall, these findings provide preliminary in vitro evidence supporting the potential of human-derived <i>P. distasonis</i> strains as NGP candidates for further evaluation.</p>

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Probiotic and immune-modulatory capacities of three human gut-derived strains of Parabacteroides distasonis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Md Shamsuzzaman,
  • Ram Hari Dahal,
  • Jungmin Kim

摘要

The human gut microbiome harbors diverse beneficial bacteria with potential roles in supporting host health. Parabacteroides distasonis has recently attracted interest as a next-generation probiotic (NGP) candidate; however, functional evidence for human-derived strains remains limited. Here, three human gut–derived P. distasonis strains (B2-S-102, B2-Q-110, and Y3-G-102) were isolated from healthy individuals and characterized using comparative genomics and in vitro functional assays. Species-level identity was supported by 16S rRNA gene analysis and whole-genome relatedness metrics (ANI > 97% and dDDH > 70%), consistent with established species delineation thresholds. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the strains showed tolerance to acidic pH (pH 2.0), bile salts (0.3%), and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Functionally, the strains exhibited measurable antioxidant activity (35.03 ± 7.76% to 51.22 ± 5.60% DPPH inhibition) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (51.03 ± 32.12% to 69.23 ± 4.26%) in vitro. Cell-free supernatants inhibited albumin denaturation (47.65 ± 3.56% to 65.26 ± 4.15%), while live bacteria reduced nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (p < 0.05). The strains also displayed in vitro growth-inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Salmonella enteritidis. Genome mining identified multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, indicating genetic potential for secondary metabolite production; however, expression and metabolite identity were not experimentally validated. No haemolytic activity was observed, supporting a favorable preliminary safety profile. Overall, these findings provide preliminary in vitro evidence supporting the potential of human-derived P. distasonis strains as NGP candidates for further evaluation.