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<p>This study addresses the environmental challenge posed by the persistence of Acid Red 114 (AR114), a recalcitrant azo dye widely used in textile industries, and explores the potential of <i>Paenibacillus dendritiformis</i> as a promising bioremediation candidate. Among 23 bacterial isolates screened, <i>P. dendritiformis</i> exhibited superior performance, achieving 99% decolorization of AR114 (10&#xa0;mg/L) within 72&#xa0;h under optimized conditions (pH 7, 35&#xa0;°C, static). The UV–Vis spectroscopy results confirmed decolorization through disappearance of the characteristic absorption peak at 507&#xa0;nm, while FTIR analysis revealed the breakdown of key functional groups, validating dye degradation. SEM analysis revealed stress-induced morphological adaptations, including surface roughness, cell aggregation, and biofilm formation, suggesting a biofilm-mediated degradation mechanism. Enzyme assays depicted dye-induced azoreductase activity, peaking at 109.8 U/mL at 72&#xa0;h, correlating with maximum decolorization. Phytotoxicity tests using <i>Lens culinaris</i> seeds exhibited that untreated water containing AR114 dye reduced germination up to 70%, while bacterial treatment improved germination to 93%. Growth parameters such as root and shoot length, as well as vigor index, also showed marked improvement with bacterial-treated dye solution as compared to the untreated dye solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of efficient AR114 degradation by <i>P. dendritiformis</i> under static aerobic conditions. The findings establish <i>P. dendritiformis</i> as a robust, eco-friendly, and scalable biocatalyst for azo dye remediation, offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment approaches.</p>

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Efficient decolorization and phytotoxicity reduction of textile azo dye acid red 114 by an in-situ isolated bacterium Paenibacillus dendritiformis: a sustainable approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Shivanshi Tyagi,
  • Rachana Singh,
  • Riti Thapar Kapoor,
  • Anshika Jain,
  • Maulin P. Shah

摘要

This study addresses the environmental challenge posed by the persistence of Acid Red 114 (AR114), a recalcitrant azo dye widely used in textile industries, and explores the potential of Paenibacillus dendritiformis as a promising bioremediation candidate. Among 23 bacterial isolates screened, P. dendritiformis exhibited superior performance, achieving 99% decolorization of AR114 (10 mg/L) within 72 h under optimized conditions (pH 7, 35 °C, static). The UV–Vis spectroscopy results confirmed decolorization through disappearance of the characteristic absorption peak at 507 nm, while FTIR analysis revealed the breakdown of key functional groups, validating dye degradation. SEM analysis revealed stress-induced morphological adaptations, including surface roughness, cell aggregation, and biofilm formation, suggesting a biofilm-mediated degradation mechanism. Enzyme assays depicted dye-induced azoreductase activity, peaking at 109.8 U/mL at 72 h, correlating with maximum decolorization. Phytotoxicity tests using Lens culinaris seeds exhibited that untreated water containing AR114 dye reduced germination up to 70%, while bacterial treatment improved germination to 93%. Growth parameters such as root and shoot length, as well as vigor index, also showed marked improvement with bacterial-treated dye solution as compared to the untreated dye solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of efficient AR114 degradation by P. dendritiformis under static aerobic conditions. The findings establish P. dendritiformis as a robust, eco-friendly, and scalable biocatalyst for azo dye remediation, offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment approaches.