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<p>Endophytes colonize host crops throughout their life cycle, such as seeds, where they play vital roles. This study investigated the seed endosperm microbiota of two wheat species (<i>Triticum dicoccum</i> and <i>T. durum</i>) using culture-dependent methods, assessing plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits under controlled conditions.</p><p>The culturable microbial load in endosperms ranged from 86 ± 0.94 to 973 ± 13.52 CFU/g, with wheat seed medium supporting optimal recovery of culturable endophytes under the tested conditions. Forty-four bacterial isolates were obtained, and 16 were selected based on morphology, representing five genera: <i>Bacillus</i> (dominant), <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Saccharibacillus</i>, and <i>Pseudescherichia</i>. These isolates tolerated abiotic stress (40&#xa0;°C, pH 9.0, 15% salinity, 15% PEG) and exhibit multiple PGP traits. Among them, 13, 2, 12, 3, 10, and 12 isolates showed phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, IAA, siderophore, ammonia, and HCN production, respectively. Enzyme production was also notable; 13 produced amylase and cellulase, and 12 produced xylanase. Eight isolates showed antagonism against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>, and <i>Tilletia indica</i>. Notably, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> CZ-45 exhibited high acetylene reduction activity (83.6 ± 0.6 nmol ethylene h⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein), suggesting potential nitrogenase activity, though further molecular validation is warranted as nitrogen fixation is uncommon within this genus, phosphate solubilization (0.99&#xa0;mg/ml), and broad enzyme activity. Both <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CZ-45 and <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> CZ-47 inhibited &gt; 60% of all pathogens. Based on performance, six top-performing endophytes were selected as bio-inoculants. Notably, inoculation with <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> PZ-55 and <i>Bacillus endophyticus</i> PZ-40 significantly enhanced growth and biomass in both wheat species. These isolates have strong potential as bio-inputs to improve crop productivity.</p>

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Multifunctional endospermic bacteria from cultivars of Triticum durum & T. dicoccum influencing plant growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Jogdande SaiPrasad,
  • Archna Suman,
  • Dharmendra Kumar,
  • Pushpendra Sharma

摘要

Endophytes colonize host crops throughout their life cycle, such as seeds, where they play vital roles. This study investigated the seed endosperm microbiota of two wheat species (Triticum dicoccum and T. durum) using culture-dependent methods, assessing plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits under controlled conditions.

The culturable microbial load in endosperms ranged from 86 ± 0.94 to 973 ± 13.52 CFU/g, with wheat seed medium supporting optimal recovery of culturable endophytes under the tested conditions. Forty-four bacterial isolates were obtained, and 16 were selected based on morphology, representing five genera: Bacillus (dominant), Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Saccharibacillus, and Pseudescherichia. These isolates tolerated abiotic stress (40 °C, pH 9.0, 15% salinity, 15% PEG) and exhibit multiple PGP traits. Among them, 13, 2, 12, 3, 10, and 12 isolates showed phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, IAA, siderophore, ammonia, and HCN production, respectively. Enzyme production was also notable; 13 produced amylase and cellulase, and 12 produced xylanase. Eight isolates showed antagonism against Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Tilletia indica. Notably, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZ-45 exhibited high acetylene reduction activity (83.6 ± 0.6 nmol ethylene h⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein), suggesting potential nitrogenase activity, though further molecular validation is warranted as nitrogen fixation is uncommon within this genus, phosphate solubilization (0.99 mg/ml), and broad enzyme activity. Both P. aeruginosa CZ-45 and Pantoea agglomerans CZ-47 inhibited > 60% of all pathogens. Based on performance, six top-performing endophytes were selected as bio-inoculants. Notably, inoculation with Bacillus aryabhattai PZ-55 and Bacillus endophyticus PZ-40 significantly enhanced growth and biomass in both wheat species. These isolates have strong potential as bio-inputs to improve crop productivity.