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<p>Soil salinization poses a significant threat to global agricultural productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), forming symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, play a pivotal role in enhancing host plant tolerance to salt stress. Endogenous phytohormones are central signaling molecules governing plant growth and stress adaptation. However, the current understanding of how AMF modulate these phytohormonal pathways to confer salt tolerance remains fragmented. This review synthesizes the mechanisms by which AMF regulate endogenous phytohormones to improve plant resilience under salinity, focusing on four key aspects: facilitating mycorrhizal symbiosis, enhancing water use efficiency, activating antioxidant defense systems, and improving photosynthetic performance. A critical insight emerging from this synthesis is the interplay between different hormonal pathways, yet the complexity of this multi-hormonal crosstalk mediated by AMF is still underexplored. We highlight significant knowledge gaps, particularly concerning the role of understudied phytohormones such as melatonin and peptide hormones, as well as the unresolved mechanistic links between AMF-induced hormonal signals and ionic homeostasis (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ balance and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ nutrition). Finally, we propose future research directions focused on deciphering this comprehensive hormonal regulatory network. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for leveraging AMF technology to improve saline-alkali soil utilization and advance sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant salt tolerance to salt stress using endogenous phytohormones

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Zhen Cao,
  • Can He,
  • Junzhe Li,
  • Kaihui Yang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Xiaoxu Fan,
  • Dandan Qi,
  • Fuqiang Song,
  • Wei Chang

摘要

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to global agricultural productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), forming symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, play a pivotal role in enhancing host plant tolerance to salt stress. Endogenous phytohormones are central signaling molecules governing plant growth and stress adaptation. However, the current understanding of how AMF modulate these phytohormonal pathways to confer salt tolerance remains fragmented. This review synthesizes the mechanisms by which AMF regulate endogenous phytohormones to improve plant resilience under salinity, focusing on four key aspects: facilitating mycorrhizal symbiosis, enhancing water use efficiency, activating antioxidant defense systems, and improving photosynthetic performance. A critical insight emerging from this synthesis is the interplay between different hormonal pathways, yet the complexity of this multi-hormonal crosstalk mediated by AMF is still underexplored. We highlight significant knowledge gaps, particularly concerning the role of understudied phytohormones such as melatonin and peptide hormones, as well as the unresolved mechanistic links between AMF-induced hormonal signals and ionic homeostasis (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ balance and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ nutrition). Finally, we propose future research directions focused on deciphering this comprehensive hormonal regulatory network. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for leveraging AMF technology to improve saline-alkali soil utilization and advance sustainable agriculture.