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<p>This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of paraprobiotics from <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> TSUB-17 and <i>β</i>-glucan extracted from <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> mycelium using RAW 264.7 macrophages. <i>β</i>-glucan was produced under optimized conditions (31.5&#xa0;°C, 13.5% potato powder, 13% glucose), yielding 44.7&#xa0;g/L biomass with 33.60% <i>β</i>-glucan. NMR and FESEM confirmed its structural similarity to commercial <i>β</i>-glucan. <i>β</i>-glucan significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and TGF-<i>β</i>. Paraprobiotics strongly induced TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-6 but had limited anti-inflammatory effects. Co-treatment resulted in moderated proinflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses, with a synergistic increase in TGF-<i>β</i>. This is the first report of the synergistic immunomodulatory interaction between sonicated paraprobiotics and <i>L. rhinocerus β</i>-glucan. The results suggest potential applications in functional foods or therapeutic formulations to modulate inflammation and promote immune balance.</p>

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Paraprobiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and fungal β-glucan from Lignosus rhinocerus synergistically enhance macrophage activation in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Waraporn Chamnankit,
  • Wankuson Chanasit,
  • Monthon Lertworapreecha

摘要

This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of paraprobiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TSUB-17 and β-glucan extracted from Lignosus rhinocerus mycelium using RAW 264.7 macrophages. β-glucan was produced under optimized conditions (31.5 °C, 13.5% potato powder, 13% glucose), yielding 44.7 g/L biomass with 33.60% β-glucan. NMR and FESEM confirmed its structural similarity to commercial β-glucan. β-glucan significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and TGF-β. Paraprobiotics strongly induced TNF-α and IL-6 but had limited anti-inflammatory effects. Co-treatment resulted in moderated proinflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses, with a synergistic increase in TGF-β. This is the first report of the synergistic immunomodulatory interaction between sonicated paraprobiotics and L. rhinocerus β-glucan. The results suggest potential applications in functional foods or therapeutic formulations to modulate inflammation and promote immune balance.