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<p>The current study investigated the synergistic interactions between root-knot nematode (<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>) and the wilt pathogen (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>) on ridge gourd (<i>Luffa acutangula</i>), and evaluated the biocontrol potential of <i>Clonostachys rosea</i> strain TNAU CrN01. Greenhouse assays revealed that inoculation of <i>M. incognita</i> seven days prior to <i>F. oxysporum</i> markedly increased disease severity, highlighting the importance of pathogen interaction sequence. Application of <i>C. rosea</i> significantly reduced nematode and fungal populations in a concentration-dependent manner, with 0.2% suspension reducing <i>M. incognita</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i> by 85.1% and 91.8%, respectively. Compatibility tests confirmed that <i>C. rosea</i> could be co-applied with beneficial soil fauna posed no toxicity to non-target organisms including <i>Steinernema siamkayai</i> and <i>Eudrilus eugeniae</i>. Further, culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, with highest sporulation (1.97 × 10⁷ conidia/mL) achieved at 24&#xa0;°C and a C: N ratio of 150:1. Glasshouse and field evaluations demonstrated that <i>C. rosea</i> talc formulation significantly enhanced plant growth and yield while effectively suppressing the nematode–fungus disease complex, outperforming other tested biocontrol agents. These results establish <i>C. rosea</i> TNAU CrN01 as a promising and eco-friendly biocontrol agent for the integrated management of nematode–fungal disease complexes in ridge gourd.</p>

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One fungus, two foes: Clonostachys rosea as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium wilt disease complex in ridge gourd

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Vyamasani Shravani,
  • Jothi Govindasamy,
  • Shanthi Annaiyan,
  • Johnson Iruthayasamy,
  • Saranya Nallusamy,
  • Kokiladevi Eswaran,
  • Priyadharshini Venkatesan

摘要

The current study investigated the synergistic interactions between root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and the wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) on ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula), and evaluated the biocontrol potential of Clonostachys rosea strain TNAU CrN01. Greenhouse assays revealed that inoculation of M. incognita seven days prior to F. oxysporum markedly increased disease severity, highlighting the importance of pathogen interaction sequence. Application of C. rosea significantly reduced nematode and fungal populations in a concentration-dependent manner, with 0.2% suspension reducing M. incognita and F. oxysporum by 85.1% and 91.8%, respectively. Compatibility tests confirmed that C. rosea could be co-applied with beneficial soil fauna posed no toxicity to non-target organisms including Steinernema siamkayai and Eudrilus eugeniae. Further, culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, with highest sporulation (1.97 × 10⁷ conidia/mL) achieved at 24 °C and a C: N ratio of 150:1. Glasshouse and field evaluations demonstrated that C. rosea talc formulation significantly enhanced plant growth and yield while effectively suppressing the nematode–fungus disease complex, outperforming other tested biocontrol agents. These results establish C. rosea TNAU CrN01 as a promising and eco-friendly biocontrol agent for the integrated management of nematode–fungal disease complexes in ridge gourd.