Role of grass endophytic fungi as a natural resource of bioactive metabolites

Grass endophytic fungi have garnered increasing attention as a prolific source of bioactive metabolites with potential application across various fields, including pharmaceutical agriculture and industry. This review paper aims to synthesize knowledge on the diversity, isolation, and bioactivity of metabolites produced by grass endophytic fungi. Additionally, this approach aids in the conservation of rare and endangered plant species. Advanced analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography are discussed as critical tools for metabolite identification and characterization. The review also highlights significant bioactive metabolites discovered to date, emphasizing their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities and plant growth regulation properties. Besides address the challenges and future prospects in harnessing grass endophytic fungi for sustainable biotechnological applications. By consolidating recent advancements and identifying gaps in the current research, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential grass endophytic fungi as a valuable resource for novel bioactive compounds.