<p>High uncertainty introduced by high-penetration renewable energy will lead to unexpected protection actions of renewable energy itself and aggravate the security risk of the power system. A proper method to analyze the renewable energy protection characteristics and evaluate the cascading failure (CF) operation risk is required. This paper proposes a novel risk assessment framework for CF considering the impact of power output uncertainty of renewable energy on its voltage protection characteristics. The voltage protection probabilistic outage formula for photovoltaic (PV) power station incorporating confidence intervals is established. It includes the establishment and linearization process of the PV voltage protection model. Utilizing Bayesian networks (BN) method, the uncertainty in the protection trigger value error influenced by random irradiance fluctuations is accurately quantified. A cascading failure risk evaluation framework based on the corrected voltage protection model is then designed. Simulation results of the IEEE 39-bus system show that random irradiance fluctuations will cause shifts in the sensitive intervals for PV voltage protection. Compared with wind farm, the voltage protection of PV power station shows a higher unexpected tripping risk. The random fluctuations of external environmental factors will increase the load loss risk of the power system.</p>