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<p>Driven by the growth of hydrogen demand, the deployment of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) has been accelerating. However, the profitability of standalone distributed hydrogen systems remains limited. To address this challenge, this paper investigates a joint operation framework for HRSs. First, a joint operation model is established to enable mutual hydrogen supply among HRSs, thereby forming physical interconnections between systems. Second, a distributionally robust optimization model is proposed for joint bidding of hydrogen production power and reserve capacity, incorporating mutual supply among HRSs. The uncertainty set of hydrogen demand is constructed based on the Wasserstein distance, and the model is reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem using duality theory to facilitate efficient solution. The results demonstrate: (1) Mutual hydrogen supply improves the spatiotemporal coordination of hydrogen production and reserve provision across multi-hydrogen systems, yielding a 4.22% increase in net operating profit under uncertain hydrogen demand compared with non-mutual-supply operation; (2) proposed joint bidding model achieves an effective balance between economic performance and robustness under uncertain hydrogen demand.</p>

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Co-optimization of electrolyzer scheduling and reserve capacity under hydrogen demand uncertainty via mutual supply

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Zhenhang Li,
  • Yuewen Jiang,
  • Xiaoyi Huang

摘要

Driven by the growth of hydrogen demand, the deployment of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) has been accelerating. However, the profitability of standalone distributed hydrogen systems remains limited. To address this challenge, this paper investigates a joint operation framework for HRSs. First, a joint operation model is established to enable mutual hydrogen supply among HRSs, thereby forming physical interconnections between systems. Second, a distributionally robust optimization model is proposed for joint bidding of hydrogen production power and reserve capacity, incorporating mutual supply among HRSs. The uncertainty set of hydrogen demand is constructed based on the Wasserstein distance, and the model is reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem using duality theory to facilitate efficient solution. The results demonstrate: (1) Mutual hydrogen supply improves the spatiotemporal coordination of hydrogen production and reserve provision across multi-hydrogen systems, yielding a 4.22% increase in net operating profit under uncertain hydrogen demand compared with non-mutual-supply operation; (2) proposed joint bidding model achieves an effective balance between economic performance and robustness under uncertain hydrogen demand.