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<p>With the integration of high proportions of renewable energy into the grid, the system’s equivalent inertia has significantly diminished. This has led to heightened disparities in frequency dynamic responses across nodes following disturbances, with the spatial distribution characteristics of frequency becoming increasingly pronounced. This phenomenon readily triggers localized low-frequency load shedding or misoperation of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) protection, posing a severe threat to the secure and stable operation of the system. Traditional virtual inertia control strategies are limited in their approach, struggling to provide sufficient and flexible inertia support, and thus face constraints in improving the spatial distribution characteristics of frequency. To address this, this paper proposes an integrated inertia control method suitable for renewable energy units. This approach combines virtual inertia, droop and torque control within a unified control framework to enhance node frequency response capability. Concurrently, a mathematical model capable of precisely describing frequency spatial distribution characteristics is established, with quantitative assessment achieved through the introduction of a dispersion index based on the center of inertia (COI). Simulation results based on an enhanced IEEE 10-machine 39-node system demonstrate that, compared to conventional virtual inertia control, the proposed integrated control method significantly elevates the equivalent inertia levels of both the system and individual nodes. It effectively reduces the maximum frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency across nodes following disturbances, while promoting greater consistency in frequency response between nodes. Consequently, it markedly improves the spatial distribution characteristics of grid frequency. The mathematical model established herein has also been verified to possess high accuracy, providing a theoretical basis for frequency stability analysis and control in new power systems.</p>

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Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Liang Wang,
  • Weidong Chen,
  • Yongnan Luo,
  • Bowen Zhang,
  • Lantao Jing

摘要

With the integration of high proportions of renewable energy into the grid, the system’s equivalent inertia has significantly diminished. This has led to heightened disparities in frequency dynamic responses across nodes following disturbances, with the spatial distribution characteristics of frequency becoming increasingly pronounced. This phenomenon readily triggers localized low-frequency load shedding or misoperation of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) protection, posing a severe threat to the secure and stable operation of the system. Traditional virtual inertia control strategies are limited in their approach, struggling to provide sufficient and flexible inertia support, and thus face constraints in improving the spatial distribution characteristics of frequency. To address this, this paper proposes an integrated inertia control method suitable for renewable energy units. This approach combines virtual inertia, droop and torque control within a unified control framework to enhance node frequency response capability. Concurrently, a mathematical model capable of precisely describing frequency spatial distribution characteristics is established, with quantitative assessment achieved through the introduction of a dispersion index based on the center of inertia (COI). Simulation results based on an enhanced IEEE 10-machine 39-node system demonstrate that, compared to conventional virtual inertia control, the proposed integrated control method significantly elevates the equivalent inertia levels of both the system and individual nodes. It effectively reduces the maximum frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency across nodes following disturbances, while promoting greater consistency in frequency response between nodes. Consequently, it markedly improves the spatial distribution characteristics of grid frequency. The mathematical model established herein has also been verified to possess high accuracy, providing a theoretical basis for frequency stability analysis and control in new power systems.