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<p>The increasing demands for power quality and stringent harmonic distortion standards in high-power AC–DC conversion applications underscore the critical role of multi-pulse rectifier systems. Among these, 12-pulse diode rectifiers are widely favored due to their low harmonic content and high power factor. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of magnetic core behavior and output voltage characterization in a 12-pulse diode rectifier system through a hybrid approach combining simulation and experimental validation. The primary objective is to systematically examine the complex interplay between nonlinear magnetic core dynamics and output voltage characteristics using finite element analysis in Maxwell–ANSYS/TwinBuilder and laboratory-based measurements. A phase-shifting transformer constructed with M4-grade electrical steel demonstrated stable operation up to a flux density of 1.44 Tesla, with accurate modeling of nonlinear B–H characteristics under various conditions. The proposed 12-pulse configuration significantly mitigates harmonics without requiring additional filtering circuits, exhibiting inherent harmonic elimination capability. Experimental results validated the simulation predictions with less than 5% deviation, confirming the reliability of the developed simulation (FEA)–experimental framework. Compared to conventional 6-pulse rectifiers, the system achieved a 15% higher power factor and an 8% reduction in harmonic distortion. Frequency-domain analysis revealed dominant 50&#xa0;Hz components (~ 0.62 A), while higher-order harmonics remained below 0.05 A without external filtering. The phase-shifting transformer, by producing six-phase-balanced voltage systems with a 30° phase shift between delta and star windings, effectively eliminated 5th and 7th harmonics via vectorial cancellation. Total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage was maintained at 2.1%, and the input current THD at 1.2%.</p>

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Harmonic distortion reduction and magnetic core impact in 12-pulse diode rectifiers: a simulation and experimental study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Seda Kul,
  • Selami Balci

摘要

The increasing demands for power quality and stringent harmonic distortion standards in high-power AC–DC conversion applications underscore the critical role of multi-pulse rectifier systems. Among these, 12-pulse diode rectifiers are widely favored due to their low harmonic content and high power factor. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of magnetic core behavior and output voltage characterization in a 12-pulse diode rectifier system through a hybrid approach combining simulation and experimental validation. The primary objective is to systematically examine the complex interplay between nonlinear magnetic core dynamics and output voltage characteristics using finite element analysis in Maxwell–ANSYS/TwinBuilder and laboratory-based measurements. A phase-shifting transformer constructed with M4-grade electrical steel demonstrated stable operation up to a flux density of 1.44 Tesla, with accurate modeling of nonlinear B–H characteristics under various conditions. The proposed 12-pulse configuration significantly mitigates harmonics without requiring additional filtering circuits, exhibiting inherent harmonic elimination capability. Experimental results validated the simulation predictions with less than 5% deviation, confirming the reliability of the developed simulation (FEA)–experimental framework. Compared to conventional 6-pulse rectifiers, the system achieved a 15% higher power factor and an 8% reduction in harmonic distortion. Frequency-domain analysis revealed dominant 50 Hz components (~ 0.62 A), while higher-order harmonics remained below 0.05 A without external filtering. The phase-shifting transformer, by producing six-phase-balanced voltage systems with a 30° phase shift between delta and star windings, effectively eliminated 5th and 7th harmonics via vectorial cancellation. Total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage was maintained at 2.1%, and the input current THD at 1.2%.