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<p>With the large-scale integration of photovoltaic (PV) and other renewable energy sources, the structure of power systems has become increasingly complex, making the enhancement of distance protection reliability in PV-connected bus systems particularly critical. Traditional distance protection is susceptible to errors caused by impedance measurement inaccuracies and fault resistance, which can often lead to maloperation or failure to operate. To address these issues, this paper proposes a distance protection scheme based on an adaptive tuning. First, a power–frequency fault component impedance measurement model is employed to establish the relationship between the measured impedance and the actual fault impedance, thereby transforming the conventional fixed setting method into an adaptive tuning approach that accounts for the influence of PV integration. Subsequently, an adaptive distance protection algorithm is applied to correct the additional impedance caused by fault resistance and the setting deviation introduced by PV access. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves fault resistance tolerance. For fault locations at 30 and 70% of the line length, the maximum tolerable resistance increases from 12 and 8&#xa0;Ω to 35 and 28&#xa0;Ω, respectively—representing improvements of 192 and 250%. This indicates that the proposed adaptive protection method can maintain accurate operation across a wider impedance range. Simulation experiments further verify that, under high-resistance fault conditions and complex PV integration scenarios, the proposed algorithm exhibits higher reliability and robustness compared to conventional schemes.</p>

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Intelligent distance protection method for transmission lines that connected to the photovoltaic power sources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Xiaofan Song,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Shunran Wang,
  • Jinfeng Zhang,
  • Wenjie Xue,
  • Huanruo Qi,
  • Pingxian Dong

摘要

With the large-scale integration of photovoltaic (PV) and other renewable energy sources, the structure of power systems has become increasingly complex, making the enhancement of distance protection reliability in PV-connected bus systems particularly critical. Traditional distance protection is susceptible to errors caused by impedance measurement inaccuracies and fault resistance, which can often lead to maloperation or failure to operate. To address these issues, this paper proposes a distance protection scheme based on an adaptive tuning. First, a power–frequency fault component impedance measurement model is employed to establish the relationship between the measured impedance and the actual fault impedance, thereby transforming the conventional fixed setting method into an adaptive tuning approach that accounts for the influence of PV integration. Subsequently, an adaptive distance protection algorithm is applied to correct the additional impedance caused by fault resistance and the setting deviation introduced by PV access. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves fault resistance tolerance. For fault locations at 30 and 70% of the line length, the maximum tolerable resistance increases from 12 and 8 Ω to 35 and 28 Ω, respectively—representing improvements of 192 and 250%. This indicates that the proposed adaptive protection method can maintain accurate operation across a wider impedance range. Simulation experiments further verify that, under high-resistance fault conditions and complex PV integration scenarios, the proposed algorithm exhibits higher reliability and robustness compared to conventional schemes.