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<p>The Southwest China Power Grid (SCPG), operating asynchronously with no AC interconnections to other grids and predominantly supplied by hydropower, exhibits dynamic characteristics that differ markedly from its synchronous operation. The introduction of automatic generation control (AGC) strategies within the newly established Southwest control area (CA) has significantly influenced the grid’s frequency regulation performance. Consequently, during test operations in asynchronous mode, the SCPG encountered severe challenges, including pronounced frequency oscillations and delayed frequency recovery following major disturbances. To investigate these issues, this study develops detailed models of AGC and primary frequency response (PFR) mechanisms, covering the entire control chain from regional and provincial dispatch centers to hydropower generators across the Southwest, Sichuan, and Chongqing CAs. Analysis based on these models reveals that the frequency oscillations primarily arise from poor coordination between the AGC and PFR, exacerbated by inaccuracies in calculating the AGC frequency bias factor (FBF) due to system nonlinearity, resulting in control mismatches. In response, improved AGC coordination strategies are proposed to enhance frequency regulation. Simulation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and subsequent field applications in the actual asynchronous SCPG confirm their ability to significantly improve frequency stability under both normal operating conditions and contingency events.</p>

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Coordinated control strategies for frequency regulation in multi-area power grids with high proportion of hydropower

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Li He,
  • Mingyue Zhang,
  • Yang Han,
  • Chao Tan,
  • Xiong Xiao,
  • Qiang Lan,
  • Weihua Luo

摘要

The Southwest China Power Grid (SCPG), operating asynchronously with no AC interconnections to other grids and predominantly supplied by hydropower, exhibits dynamic characteristics that differ markedly from its synchronous operation. The introduction of automatic generation control (AGC) strategies within the newly established Southwest control area (CA) has significantly influenced the grid’s frequency regulation performance. Consequently, during test operations in asynchronous mode, the SCPG encountered severe challenges, including pronounced frequency oscillations and delayed frequency recovery following major disturbances. To investigate these issues, this study develops detailed models of AGC and primary frequency response (PFR) mechanisms, covering the entire control chain from regional and provincial dispatch centers to hydropower generators across the Southwest, Sichuan, and Chongqing CAs. Analysis based on these models reveals that the frequency oscillations primarily arise from poor coordination between the AGC and PFR, exacerbated by inaccuracies in calculating the AGC frequency bias factor (FBF) due to system nonlinearity, resulting in control mismatches. In response, improved AGC coordination strategies are proposed to enhance frequency regulation. Simulation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and subsequent field applications in the actual asynchronous SCPG confirm their ability to significantly improve frequency stability under both normal operating conditions and contingency events.