<p>The frequent occurrence of ice accretion disasters on transmission conductors has posed significant threats to the safe operation of power transmission lines. Existing studies on conductor icing characteristics have rarely considered the influence of Joule heating generated by electrical current. To enable effective prediction of ice accretion on operating transmission conductors, a numerical simulation model for transmission conductor icing was enhanced to incorporating Joule heating effects. Calculations of air flow field, droplet collision, and droplet freezing using finite element software were involved, which were compared with experimental data from the literature to validate the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, the effects of ambient temperature, wind speed, and other influential factors on ice accretion shape and mass under varying electrical currents were explored. The influence patterns of these factors on conductor icing under the Joule heating effect of electrical current were summarized. The results indicate a significant temperature differential exists between the conductor surface and ambient environment, reaching a maximum elevation of 90.33% above ambient temperature. Under the influence of Joule heating, the maximum reduction in ice mass per unit length attains 34.17%. Both the shape and mass of the ice accretion undergo changes, and different factors affecting ice accretion exhibit varying sensitivities to Joule heating.</p>