<p>The on-load tap changer is a critical device in power transformers for controlling line voltages. Since the OLTC is the only moving part, it is a major source of failure in power transformers. This review presents a comparative study of OLTC technologies-mechanical, hybrid, and electronic—with a particular focus on their condition assessment and fault diagnosis. It outlines both traditional and novel diagnostic approaches and highlights their applicability, limitations, and future development potential. The paper serves as a unified reference for researchers and engineers, combining technological classification, failure mechanisms, and condition monitoring techniques in one comprehensive document.</p>

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OLTC condition assessment and future trends: an overview

  • Lucas Puntano,
  • Matias Meira,
  • Cristian Ruschetti,
  • Carlos Verucchi,
  • Raúl Álvarez

摘要

The on-load tap changer is a critical device in power transformers for controlling line voltages. Since the OLTC is the only moving part, it is a major source of failure in power transformers. This review presents a comparative study of OLTC technologies-mechanical, hybrid, and electronic—with a particular focus on their condition assessment and fault diagnosis. It outlines both traditional and novel diagnostic approaches and highlights their applicability, limitations, and future development potential. The paper serves as a unified reference for researchers and engineers, combining technological classification, failure mechanisms, and condition monitoring techniques in one comprehensive document.