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<p>This paper presents a novel control strategy for a multiport DC to DC converter designed for DC microgrids powered by hybrid renewable energy sources, focusing on the integration of solar, wind, hydrogen, and battery systems. By utilizing super-twisting sliding mode controllers (STSMCs), this study addresses abrupt variations in system parameters, such as wind speed and solar irradiance ensuring a consistent voltage supply at the DC bus. Through extensive case studies, the proposed control scheme has been evaluated under various operational scenarios. In Case A, a sudden power demand increase from 7.5 to 15&#xa0;kW at 10&#xa0;s was managed effectively, resulting in the battery’s state of charge (SOC) dropping to 20% at 10.95&#xa0;s, with the fuel cell unit (FCU) beginning power supply at 11.16&#xa0;s and stabilizing the load by 12.8&#xa0;s. In Case B, the energy management system demonstrated immediate battery support during load fluctuations, showcasing the responsiveness of the control system. In Case C, the system maintained stability amidst load variations between 5 and 20&#xa0;kW, while wind speed changes affected generation by approximately 10%. Finally, in Case D, the battery output peaked at 7&#xa0;kW, and the DC bus voltage remained within an acceptable range of 650–680&#xa0;V, with hydrogen production rates reaching 0.5 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h when generation exceeded load. The system achieved an average efficiency of 85% during peak operations, with the DC bus voltage fluctuations limited to ± 20&#xa0;V, demonstrating robust performance. This novel approach not only optimizes energy management in hybrid systems but also contributes to the growing body of knowledge necessary for advancing the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy integration in microgrid applications. OPAL-RT modules are utilized to showcase diverse outcomes under varying operational circumstances, thereby facilitating the development of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL). The research is linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 7 (Affordable and clean energy) and 13 (Climate action).</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Dynamic voltage regulation in DC microgrids using super-twisting sliding mode controllers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • S. Anbuchandran,
  • M. Arumuga babu,
  • D. Silas Stephen,
  • M. Thinakaran

摘要

This paper presents a novel control strategy for a multiport DC to DC converter designed for DC microgrids powered by hybrid renewable energy sources, focusing on the integration of solar, wind, hydrogen, and battery systems. By utilizing super-twisting sliding mode controllers (STSMCs), this study addresses abrupt variations in system parameters, such as wind speed and solar irradiance ensuring a consistent voltage supply at the DC bus. Through extensive case studies, the proposed control scheme has been evaluated under various operational scenarios. In Case A, a sudden power demand increase from 7.5 to 15 kW at 10 s was managed effectively, resulting in the battery’s state of charge (SOC) dropping to 20% at 10.95 s, with the fuel cell unit (FCU) beginning power supply at 11.16 s and stabilizing the load by 12.8 s. In Case B, the energy management system demonstrated immediate battery support during load fluctuations, showcasing the responsiveness of the control system. In Case C, the system maintained stability amidst load variations between 5 and 20 kW, while wind speed changes affected generation by approximately 10%. Finally, in Case D, the battery output peaked at 7 kW, and the DC bus voltage remained within an acceptable range of 650–680 V, with hydrogen production rates reaching 0.5 Nm3/h when generation exceeded load. The system achieved an average efficiency of 85% during peak operations, with the DC bus voltage fluctuations limited to ± 20 V, demonstrating robust performance. This novel approach not only optimizes energy management in hybrid systems but also contributes to the growing body of knowledge necessary for advancing the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy integration in microgrid applications. OPAL-RT modules are utilized to showcase diverse outcomes under varying operational circumstances, thereby facilitating the development of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL). The research is linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 7 (Affordable and clean energy) and 13 (Climate action).

Graphical abstract