Enhancement of transient stability in a grid-connected photovoltaic system with the use of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
摘要
While the power grid’s structure has seen enhancements, particularly with the integration of distributed generation systems like photovoltaics, the swift rise in demand and the sensitivity of numerous devices within the power system have resulted in notable and sometimes unstable stability challenges. Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) offers an innovative approach to address these issues by utilizing a high-inductance coil that can deliver a steady source of direct current. A power system linked to a SMES unit can absorb and store both active and reactive energy, releasing them as necessary. By implementing effective control strategies for the SMES conversion system, there is potential to enhance the grid’s transient stability. The proposal involves using the SMES as an interface device connected to a power conversion system that includes two converters linked by a DC link capacitor. The power injected can be controlled by modifying the duty cycle of the DC-DC chopper switches and its operating modes, aiming to boost transient stability and serve as a universal voltage stabilizer. System performance, including voltages at the PV output, load input, DC bus, and current flowing in the SMES coil, are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink under three types of disturbances: PV side power disconnection, rapid load variations, and a three-phase short circuit at the load side busbar. The analysis demonstrates that the SMES can effectively dampen power oscillations and improve transient stability by rapidly injecting or absorbing energy, thus regulating the power flow and stabilizing the DC bus voltage. The fact is that the results show that when the PVs are disconnected at t = 1 s and t = 3 s, the SMES intervenes to reduce the voltage drops at the DC busbar and load side, thus maintaining these voltages and stabilizing them with only slight fluctuations of a few volts. On the other hand, during the load increases of 20% and 60%, which occur at t = 2 s and t = 4 s, respectively, the first lasts 300 ms and the second 200 ms. These disturbances only cause a voltage drop on the load side and do not impact the voltages at the DC busbar. The SMES then intervenes to compensate and improve the voltage, especially during large load variations, such as the 60%. In addition, the universal voltage stabilizer plays a key role in maintaining the stable voltage at the DC busbar. A three-phase fault occurs at t = 1 s near bus 2, at the point of common coupling (PCC), and is cleared by opening the line at both ends. The fault clearing time (FCT) is 200 ms. The fault clearing time (FCT = 200 ms). The SMES will try to support the voltage by injecting reactive power on the line when the voltage is lower than the reference voltage. The system with SMES exhibits improved stability compared to the one without SMES, which is unstable, and the system response is better in the sense that the settling time is reduced and the margin stability (critical clearing time CCT) is enhanced from 162 to 245 ms.