<p>Fluctuations in distributed power supply and sudden changes in DC load power will lead to serious DC bus voltage fluctuations in DC microgrids, which will have a certain impact on the safe and stable operation of DC microgrids. In this paper, by simulating the power characteristics of DC-side capacitors, an additional virtual inertia link is introduced in the voltage loop of traditional virtual DC machine (VDCM), thus an inertia-enhanced virtual DC machine control strategy is proposed, which alleviates the bus voltage fluctuations while ensuring strong system stability by increasing the system inertia time constant. In order to solve the issue of prolonged response time due to high system inertia, an adaptive parameter algorithm is introduced. Based on a small-signal model, the influence of changes in rotational inertia and virtual capacitor on the system during sudden changes in load power are investigated, and an adaptive adjustment method for inertia and virtual capacitor is provided. Its feasibility is verified on the Matlab/Simulink platform. The proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the fluctuation of DC bus voltage during sudden load changes and distributed power fluctuations, while ensuring the rapidity of system response, which is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the DC microgrids.</p>