A tri-level distributionally robust optimization model against coordinated cyber-physical attacks considering attack resource uncertainties
摘要
Cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) are vulnerable to coordinated cyber-physical attacks (CCPAs) following the attack uncertainties. It is urgent to identify valid defense measures against CCPAs. To tackle this problem, a tri-level distributionally robust optimization model (T-DRO) is proposed to minimize the risk. Firstly, a tri-level framework is constructed to portray the dynamics of defenders, attackers and operators. Secondly, a CCPA model is designed where the condition for attacks to be injected stealthily is derived considering the phasor measurement units (PMUs). Meanwhile, a DRO method based on Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is proposed to capture the attack resource uncertainties. Finally, an improved C&CG algorithm is developed to achieve the defense allocation solution. Case studies performed on the IEEE 14-bus system and 57-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance compared with the traditional methods. We can conclude that it is capable of providing robust strategies against CCPAs.