Analyzing electric vehicle performance considering smooth roads with seasonal variation

Battery electric vehicles play a crucial role in reducing air pollution; yet, their adoption is hindered by range limitations. This study examines the impact of weather conditions and temperatures on BEV range and battery consumption on smooth roads using a MATLAB Simulink model. Four scenarios—summer, spring, rainy, and winter—were simulated using the world harmonized vehicle cycle over 2000s, measuring state of charge, mean speed, and distance covered. According to the results, spring offers the best circumstances for BEV efficiency at a distance of 3.35 km, with summer following closely behind at 3.349 km. Rainy weather, on the other hand, results in the largest battery use, which is over four times greater than in the summer and covers 3.2 km. With a distance of 3.31 km, winter circumstances also lead to decreased efficiency. The findings reveal that increased friction and lower temperatures in rainy and winter conditions notably increase battery consumption. These findings highlight the importance of integrating weather and temperature considerations into BEV design and standards for improving thermal management and battery technologies to advance sustainable transportation.