Enhanced supervisor energy management technique of DC microgrid-based PV/wind/battery/SC

Isolated DC microgrid-based renewable energy sources (RES) require a concurrent high energy and high-power density presence. The most effective approach is employing a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Supercapacitors (SCs) are used to recover braking energy during fast power changes to improve battery performance and decrease battery stress. Additionally, SCs can be utilized to keep batteries charged for prolonged periods and store surplus energy generated by RES. This paper suggests an energy management technique EMT to facilitate energy sharing among RES, HESS, and the demand load. The EMT ensures that the state of charge SOC of the HESS remains within the limitation range (80% ≥ SOC ≥ 20%). Furthermore, the EMT regulates the DC link voltage and tracks the battery and SC with desired current references in twelve different scenarios. The effectiveness of the suggested EMT is verified through simulated tests performed under various fluctuations and operating situations. The EMT demonstrates successful power sharing among the components and achieves faster DC link voltage regulation with less than 2% overshoot. Moreover, the EMT enhances power quality attributes in the DC microgrid and enables smooth mode transitions.